CAJ | 학술논문

通过分析正式合同与非正式协议的文本可以发现，任意一张契约的菜单内容都可提炼为参与人、标的、条款三个要素。参与人的信息结构、行为品行和标的专用性导致交易冲突，而条款实质上是一种化解代理风险、不适应、套牢等交易冲突的私人秩序治理结构，包含激励、协调、权威三个维度。在特定的交易中，参与人的行为品行和标的专用性相对稳定，交易冲突水平取决于信息结构和治理结构。给定交易冲突水平，最小交易费用出现在信息结构和治理结构的边际交易费用效应相等时。在建构契约结构模型的基础上，经连续的边际分析可以发现，契约多样性源于契约结构的不同均衡状态，而契约均衡结构是交易费用与交易福利的权衡结果，并将因制度环境的介入而发生改变。
통과분석정식합동여비정식협의적문본가이발현，임의일장계약적채단내용도가제련위삼여인、표적、조관삼개요소。삼여인적신식결구、행위품행화표적전용성도치교역충돌，이조관실질상시일충화해대리풍험、불괄응、투뢰등교역충돌적사인질서치리결구，포함격려、협조、권위삼개유도。재특정적교역중，삼여인적행위품행화표적전용성상대은정，교역충돌수평취결우신식결구화치리결구。급정교역충돌수평，최소교역비용출현재신식결구화치리결구적변제교역비용효응상등시。재건구계약결구모형적기출상，경련속적변제분석가이발현，계약다양성원우계약결구적불동균형상태，이계약균형결구시교역비용여교역복리적권형결과，병장인제도배경적개입이발생개변。
Through analyzing the text of the formal contract and informal agreement, we can find the content of the contractual menu can be summarized as parties, cbjects, clauses of three elements. The essence of contractual clauses is a kind of the governance structure of private order to resolve transactional conflicts, such as agency risk, maladjustment, hold-up, etc, which result from the specificity of the objects, the information structure and conduct of parties. In a particular transaction, since the conduct of parties and specificity of objects are stable, the level of transactional conflicts rests with the information structure and the governance structure. Given the level of transactional conflicts, the minimum transactional costs are happened when the marginal effects of information costs equal to the marginal effects of governance costs. Based on building up a model of the contract structure and after the continuous marginal analysis, it can be concluded that the diversity of contract is rooted in the different equilibrium states of the contract structure. There is a trade-off between transactional costs and trade surplus to determine the equilibrium states of the contract structure, which is influenced by the intervention of the institutional environments.