CAJ | 학술논문

耕地资源外部性和公共产品的属性决定了耕地利用的私人最优决策与社会最优决策存在不一致,难以达到土地资源配置的帕累托最优.通过土地优化配置模型分析,可知目前经济发展中缺乏考虑难以量化的生态非使用价值,解决外部性问题和保护生态环境的有效手段是建立政府干预的耕地生态补偿机制,把生态非使用价值的部分价值补偿给农民.耕地生态补偿的核心是如何把生态非使用价值进行合理量化和确定合理补偿标准,而合理补偿标准确定能更好解决生态服务的最优的供给问题,真正使生态补偿起到对正外部供给的激励和对负外部性释放的约束作用.本文从土地资源优化配置角度探讨耕地生态补偿必要性和尝试建立耕地生态补偿的核算基本理论框架,认为耕地提供净生态效益是核算补偿的基础,但同时需要考虑地块特征、空间特征、个体特征对生态补偿影响,不断修正补偿量,根据实际需要,确定切实可行、现实有效的标准,确保补偿标准更能揭示个人的偏好和效用,为耕地资源的保护和生态补偿机制的建立提供科学保障.
경지자원외부성화공공산품적속성결정료경지이용적사인최우결책여사회최우결책존재불일치,난이체도토지자원배치적파루탁최우.통과토지우화배치모형분석,가지목전경제발전중결핍고필난이양화적생태비사용개치,해결외부성문제화보호생태배경적유효수단시건립정부간예적경지생태보상궤제,파생태비사용개치적부분개치보상급농민.경지생태보상적핵심시여하파생태비사용개치진행합리양화화학정합리보상표준,이합리보상표준학정능경호해결생태복무적최우적공급문제,진정사생태보상기도대정외부공급적격려화대부외부성석방적약속작용.본문종토지자원우화배치각도탐토경지생태보상필요성화상시건립경지생태보상적핵산기본이론광가,인위경지제공정생태효익시핵산보상적기출,단동시수요고필지괴특정、공간특정、개체특정대생태보상영향,불단수정보상량,근거실제수요,학정절실가행、현실유효적표준,학보보상표준경능게시개인적편호화효용,위경지자원적보호화생태보상궤제적건립제공과학보장.
The externalities of cultivated land resources and public goods attribute determine discordance between private and social optimal decision, which make it difficult to reach Pareto optimal allocation of land resources. By analyzing the optimal allocation model of land, we can see ecological non-market value U E/ E L1 which is hard to quantify in the ettrrent economic development has not been fully considered. To solve the external problems and protect the ecological environment, farmland eco-compensation mechanism of government intervention is established, and the compensation of ecological value of farmland should be given to farmers. The core of eco-compensation of cultivated land is to quantize the U E/ E L1 and determine a reasonable compensation standard. The reasonable compensation can better address the optimal supply of ecosystem services, and can really play the incentive role of the eco-compensation on the supply of positive externalities and restrain negative externalities. The paper discusses the necessity of eco-compensation of cultivated land from the aspect of optimal allocation of land resources and tries to establish a theoretical framework of the accounting of compensation. In this paper net ecological benefits of cultivated land are considered as the basis of compensation. But we need to consider the impact of land characteristics, spatial characteristics and individual characteristics. According to actual needs, we can identify practical, realistic and effective standards and ensure that compensation can reveal personal preferences and utility, which can provide scientific assurance for protecting cultivated land resources and establishing eco-compensation mechanism.