心理发展与教育
心理髮展與教育
심리발전여교육
Psychological Development and Education
2010年
6期
584~591
,共null页
张莉 辛自强 古丽扎伯克力
張莉 辛自彊 古麗扎伯剋力
장리 신자강 고려찰백극력
类比推理 发展特点 任务复杂性 关系-表征复杂性模型
類比推理 髮展特點 任務複雜性 關繫-錶徵複雜性模型
류비추리 발전특점 임무복잡성 관계-표정복잡성모형
analogical reasoning; developmental characteristics; relational complexity; relational-representational complexity model
采用经典的A:B:C:D范式,设计两类难度不同的图片任务,依据关系-表征复杂性模型从等级复杂性和水平复杂性角度分析任务难度。在此基础上,选取5~9岁115名儿童探讨两类任务上类比推理的特点和发展趋势。表明:(1)儿童类比推理呈现多样化特点,主要有:充分意义上掌握了类比推理、部分完成了类比推理、位置关系类比推理、不能类比推理和不确定情况类比推理,其中部分完成了类比推理是复杂任务上所特有的。(2)简单、复杂两类任务上,随着年龄增长,5-9岁儿童充分意义上掌握类比推理的人次比例不断上升,不能类比推理的人次比例不断下降。此外,复杂任务上,随年龄增长,部分完成类比任务的人次比例降低。结果表明,在简单任务上,前运算阶段儿童已具备了类比推理能力;但在复杂任务上,儿童到了具体运算阶段才具备类比推理能力。
採用經典的A:B:C:D範式,設計兩類難度不同的圖片任務,依據關繫-錶徵複雜性模型從等級複雜性和水平複雜性角度分析任務難度。在此基礎上,選取5~9歲115名兒童探討兩類任務上類比推理的特點和髮展趨勢。錶明:(1)兒童類比推理呈現多樣化特點,主要有:充分意義上掌握瞭類比推理、部分完成瞭類比推理、位置關繫類比推理、不能類比推理和不確定情況類比推理,其中部分完成瞭類比推理是複雜任務上所特有的。(2)簡單、複雜兩類任務上,隨著年齡增長,5-9歲兒童充分意義上掌握類比推理的人次比例不斷上升,不能類比推理的人次比例不斷下降。此外,複雜任務上,隨年齡增長,部分完成類比任務的人次比例降低。結果錶明,在簡單任務上,前運算階段兒童已具備瞭類比推理能力;但在複雜任務上,兒童到瞭具體運算階段纔具備類比推理能力。
채용경전적A:B:C:D범식,설계량류난도불동적도편임무,의거관계-표정복잡성모형종등급복잡성화수평복잡성각도분석임무난도。재차기출상,선취5~9세115명인동탐토량류임무상류비추리적특점화발전추세。표명:(1)인동류비추리정현다양화특점,주요유:충분의의상장악료류비추리、부분완성료류비추리、위치관계류비추리、불능류비추리화불학정정황류비추리,기중부분완성료류비추리시복잡임무상소특유적。(2)간단、복잡량류임무상,수착년령증장,5-9세인동충분의의상장악류비추리적인차비례불단상승,불능류비추리적인차비례불단하강。차외,복잡임무상,수년령증장,부분완성류비임무적인차비례강저。결과표명,재간단임무상,전운산계단인동이구비료류비추리능력;단재복잡임무상,인동도료구체운산계단재구비류비추리능력。
According to the Relational-Representational Complexity Model,this present study depicted the complexity of analogical tasking from the aspects of hierarchical complexity and horizontal complexity.Based on this model,the developmental trends and characteristics of analogical problem-solving in tasks on varied complexity were investigated with classical A:B∷C:D paradigm.A sample of 115 children aged 5 to 9 participated the study,and their performances on analogical tasks with varied complexity were explored.Results indicated that:(1) the children's analogical reasoning showed diversified characteristics.There were mainly five kinds of patterns,including mastering analogical reasoning adequately,completing analogical reasoning from partial relation or location,unable to finish analogical reasoning and uncertain about the analogical reasoning.Thereinto,analogical reasoning from partial relation was peculiar to complex tasks.(2) In both the simple and complex tasks,with age increased,the proportion of children who had mastered the analogical reasoning increased gradually,while the proportion of those who were unable to complete analogical reasoning declined from age 5 to 9.Moreover,the proportion of children who completed analogical reasoning from partial relation declined in complex tasks.In conclusion,when performed simple tasks,the children within preoperational stage showed analogical reasoning ability.However,in complex tasks,only those who had developed into concrete operational stage demonstrated such ability.