中国体育科技
中國體育科技
중국체육과기
China Sport Science and Technology
2010年
6期
39~45
,共null页
视觉预测 出击方向 出击开始时间 防守区域 策略 足球 宁门员
視覺預測 齣擊方嚮 齣擊開始時間 防守區域 策略 足毬 寧門員
시각예측 출격방향 출격개시시간 방수구역 책략 족구 저문원
visual prediction; dive direction; dive start time; saving area; strategy; football; goalkeepor
＂不依赖射手＂和＂依赖射手＂策略是守门员判断点球射门方向时的两个基本认知策略,其选择在很大程度上取决于出击前守门员能否从射手身上获得与之相关的视觉反馈信息。通过分析获得这些信息的可能性,推断出预先决定出击方向,集中注意力预测出击开始时间和球的飞行轨道是守门员应对点球时的最佳认知策略。为了进一步揭示优秀足球守门员应对点球的行动策略,收集了422个点球录像,对与守门员点球防守行动策略有关的内容进行了观测统计。结果表明,优秀足球守门员通常选择球门的左下侧、右下侧和中间3个方向为出击方向,主要防守球门的左（右）下半部,及早出击、正确判断射门方向和选择合理的防守区域是优秀足球守门员扑点球成功的关键。
＂不依賴射手＂和＂依賴射手＂策略是守門員判斷點毬射門方嚮時的兩箇基本認知策略,其選擇在很大程度上取決于齣擊前守門員能否從射手身上穫得與之相關的視覺反饋信息。通過分析穫得這些信息的可能性,推斷齣預先決定齣擊方嚮,集中註意力預測齣擊開始時間和毬的飛行軌道是守門員應對點毬時的最佳認知策略。為瞭進一步揭示優秀足毬守門員應對點毬的行動策略,收集瞭422箇點毬錄像,對與守門員點毬防守行動策略有關的內容進行瞭觀測統計。結果錶明,優秀足毬守門員通常選擇毬門的左下側、右下側和中間3箇方嚮為齣擊方嚮,主要防守毬門的左（右）下半部,及早齣擊、正確判斷射門方嚮和選擇閤理的防守區域是優秀足毬守門員撲點毬成功的關鍵。
＂불의뢰사수＂화＂의뢰사수＂책략시수문원판단점구사문방향시적량개기본인지책략,기선택재흔대정도상취결우출격전수문원능부종사수신상획득여지상관적시각반궤신식。통과분석획득저사신식적가능성,추단출예선결정출격방향,집중주의력예측출격개시시간화구적비행궤도시수문원응대점구시적최가인지책략。위료진일보게시우수족구수문원응대점구적행동책략,수집료422개점구록상,대여수문원점구방수행동책략유관적내용진행료관측통계。결과표명,우수족구수문원통상선택구문적좌하측、우하측화중간3개방향위출격방향,주요방수구문적좌（우）하반부,급조출격、정학판단사문방향화선택합리적방수구역시우수족구수문원복점구성공적관건。
The ＂penalty taker independent＂ and ＂penalty taker dependent＂ are two of basic cognitive strategies employed when goalkeepers（GK） judge the ball direction of penalty kicks（PK）.The strategies were decided according to whether GK can earn enough visual feedback information on the shoot direction-related before they dive to a large extent.At first this study investigated these issues,and concluded that the optimum cognitive strategies lay in deciding the dive direction ahead of time,and paying attention to the dive time and the track of the flight of the ball.Secondly,in order to reveal the？action strategies of elite soccer goalkeepers,we made use of 422 PK videos,and investigated the？items bearing on action strategies.The results identified that the elite GK usually used action strategies which included selecting the lower left,lower right and middle of the goal as dive directions,the lower left and the lower right of the goal as the main area of defense,The results of binary logistic regression also showed that the key points of successful saves were：a） starting dives as early as possible,b） selecting the dive direction correctly,and c） the right area of defense.
