CAJ | 학술논문

汉代以前文字记载的西王母是个神话的形象，表现了原始母神主生杀的功能，到了汉代，文字记载的西王母由神话对象转化为民间宗教信仰与崇拜的对象。但是图像表现的西王母与文字记载的西王母不同之处在于汉画像直觉形象地刻画了西王母形象及其随从，如三青鸟、九尾狐、玉兔、蟾蜍、伏羲女娲、东王公等，这些图像才使西王母仙境得以完善。这些仙境的形象带有神圣的符号性，不仅是文字记载的补充，而且汉画像的图像本身就构成了一个世界。因此，文字与图像各自具有不同的功能，不仅可以互相补充，而且不能互相代替。西王母汉画像美学意义的根源是符号性的隐喻象征，西王母这一宇宙象征主义的图式，不仅表现为人对现实世界的生活图景，而且表现为人对死后世界的理想建构，从神话、宗教的视角发散开去，走向一种审美的幻觉。把凶神恶煞的西王母幻化为美丽的妇人形象体现的是人类欲望升华的象征，西王母演变象征的是人类征服自然的美好愿望以及对未来美好生活的憧憬。
한대이전문자기재적서왕모시개신화적형상，표현료원시모신주생살적공능，도료한대，문자기재적서왕모유신화대상전화위민간종교신앙여숭배적대상。단시도상표현적서왕모여문자기재적서왕모불동지처재우한화상직각형상지각화료서왕모형상급기수종，여삼청조、구미호、옥토、섬서、복희녀왜、동왕공등，저사도상재사서왕모선경득이완선。저사선경적형상대유신골적부호성，불부시문자기재적보충，이차한화상적도상본신취구성료일개세계。인차，문자여도상각자구유불동적공능，불부가이호상보충，이차불능호상대체。서왕모한화상미학의의적근원시부호성적은유상정，서왕모저일우주상정주의적도식，불부표현위인대현실세계적생활도경，이차표현위인대사후세계적이상건구，종신화、종교적시각발산개거，주향일충심미적환각。파흉신악살적서왕모환화위미려적부인형상체현적시인류욕망승화적상정，서왕모연변상정적시인류정복자연적미호원망이급대미래미호생활적동경。
This Thesis intends to study Xi Wangmu carved on Han Stones and text records based on the relationship between the Portraiture and the Text. The author believes that the written records of Xi Wangmu before Han Dynasty is the image of the myth, which expresses the original performance of the functions of life and death by the Queen Mother. During the period of the Han Dynasty written records of Xi Wangmu had become a popular religious belief and worship converted from the myth object. But its difference between the reliefs on Han Stones and text records lies in that the Portraiture intuitive Portrait depicts the image of Xi Wangmu and her attendants, such as the three Blue Bird, Jiuwei Hu, rabbit, toad, Fu Xi and Nu Wa, East Princes, etc. , so that Xi Wangmu Fairyland was improved by these images. The image of paradise represents the symbol of the Holy Spirit, not only written records of the supplement, but also Han＇s image itself constitute a world. Therefore, Portraiture and the Text each has different features, and they can complement each other but can not replace each other. Aesthetic Significance of Xi Wangmu lies in the symbolic metaphor, and the universe schema symbolism of Xi Wangmu expresses, not only man＇s life picture of the real world, but also the ideal world after the death. From spreading out of perspective of mythology, religion, people can go to an aesthetic illusion. The vicious Xi Wangmu＇s turning into a beautiful woman embodies the image of a symbol of sublimation of human desire, good wishes of the human conquest of nature and for the future vision of a better life.