上海地质
上海地質
상해지질
2010年
B11期
1~2
,共null页
城市地质 社会服务 机制探讨
城市地質 社會服務 機製探討
성시지질 사회복무 궤제탐토
urban geology; social service; mechanism restarch
城市地质具有很广的工作范畴，其定义一般认为是在城市及其周围地区或潜在城市化的特定空间范围内，综合考虑各种地质要素（岩石与构造、水文与工程、矿产与建材等），研究其对城市发展所提供的资源、所施加的约束条件及城市发展对其产生的影响，为城市规划、建设和管理服务的地质工作。上海城市地质工作始终以服务城市发展、保障城市安全为首要任务，矿产资源普查、工程勘察、地面沉降调查、环境地质调查、工程地质调查等地质工作内容曾分别成为不同年代城市地质工作的主要内容。2004年启动的上海市三维城市地质调查工作，开启了地质工作社会化服务的新篇章，目前项目的有关成果已经在城市的规划、建设与管理中得到了应用。本次城市地质调查工作首次建立了三维基岩地质、第四纪地质、工程地质和水文地质结构模型，提升了城市地质调查工作的精度。结合上海市中心城区地下空间开发规划，围绕地下空间开发中所面临的典型地质问题（软土、流砂、承压地下水等），开展了地下空间开发的地质环境适宜性评价。系统开展了土壤和浅层地下水地球化学调查，初步建立土地质量动态监测网络。上海地面沉降防治在法规建设、制度保障、技术创新等方面取得丰硕成果，初步构建了上海地铁、高架桥梁、防汛墙等生命线工程安全监测与预警系统。在整合了近百年长江口及海岸带地质环境数据基础上，建立了不同时期海岸带三维地质模型，已经启动了海岸带地质环境监测工作，跟踪监测海岸带地质环境变化，及时预警地质灾害。城市地质工作的基础是要实现地质资料信息“集群化”，就是通过构建地质资料汇交和社会共享机制，把分散、孤立的地质资料汇集到统一的共享平台上来，通过对地质资料的信息化、标准化，进一步整合、挖掘地质资料信息内在价值。地质资料信息服务“产业化”，就是充分发挥社会主义市场经济作用，通过服务机制和模式的创新，发挥海量综合地质资料信息的深厚潜质，结合地质工作者的知识和智慧，探索地质服务多元化，实现地质资料信息由量变向质变的升华，成为地质工作服务经济社会发展的有效途径。实施地质资料信息服务集群化和产业化战略，促进地质工作更加紧密地与经济社会发展相结合，更加主动地为经济社会发展服务，构建以社会需求为导向的城市地质工作服务新机制的重要举措施。城市地质工作应突出以基础地质研究为主线，注重理论研究与实践应用的结合。注重地质环境监测和研究成果与城市安全监测及预警管理相结合。注重地质调查研究与规划和国土资源管理相结合。三维信息化平台建设，要为多专业、多要素综合评价提供基础和条件。今后上海城市地质工作将在以下3个方面开展更深入的探索研究，首先要建立城市地质服务于城市发展过程全过程机制与模式，将地质工作逐步应用于城市总体规划、详细规划、土地利用规划、城市安全监测与预警、地下空间开发等领域。其次建立城市地质信息持续更新与社会共享机制，进一步强化地质资料汇交工作，与相关单位进一步推进地质资料信息共建共享机制建设。第三是要实现三维可视化技术与城市地质调查工作流程的融合，信息技术只有与业务流程相融合，才会进一步激发业务需求，形成需求与反向需求的良性互动。
城市地質具有很廣的工作範疇，其定義一般認為是在城市及其週圍地區或潛在城市化的特定空間範圍內，綜閤攷慮各種地質要素（巖石與構造、水文與工程、礦產與建材等），研究其對城市髮展所提供的資源、所施加的約束條件及城市髮展對其產生的影響，為城市規劃、建設和管理服務的地質工作。上海城市地質工作始終以服務城市髮展、保障城市安全為首要任務，礦產資源普查、工程勘察、地麵沉降調查、環境地質調查、工程地質調查等地質工作內容曾分彆成為不同年代城市地質工作的主要內容。2004年啟動的上海市三維城市地質調查工作，開啟瞭地質工作社會化服務的新篇章，目前項目的有關成果已經在城市的規劃、建設與管理中得到瞭應用。本次城市地質調查工作首次建立瞭三維基巖地質、第四紀地質、工程地質和水文地質結構模型，提升瞭城市地質調查工作的精度。結閤上海市中心城區地下空間開髮規劃，圍繞地下空間開髮中所麵臨的典型地質問題（軟土、流砂、承壓地下水等），開展瞭地下空間開髮的地質環境適宜性評價。繫統開展瞭土壤和淺層地下水地毬化學調查，初步建立土地質量動態鑑測網絡。上海地麵沉降防治在法規建設、製度保障、技術創新等方麵取得豐碩成果，初步構建瞭上海地鐵、高架橋樑、防汛牆等生命線工程安全鑑測與預警繫統。在整閤瞭近百年長江口及海岸帶地質環境數據基礎上，建立瞭不同時期海岸帶三維地質模型，已經啟動瞭海岸帶地質環境鑑測工作，跟蹤鑑測海岸帶地質環境變化，及時預警地質災害。城市地質工作的基礎是要實現地質資料信息“集群化”，就是通過構建地質資料彙交和社會共享機製，把分散、孤立的地質資料彙集到統一的共享平檯上來，通過對地質資料的信息化、標準化，進一步整閤、挖掘地質資料信息內在價值。地質資料信息服務“產業化”，就是充分髮揮社會主義市場經濟作用，通過服務機製和模式的創新，髮揮海量綜閤地質資料信息的深厚潛質，結閤地質工作者的知識和智慧，探索地質服務多元化，實現地質資料信息由量變嚮質變的升華，成為地質工作服務經濟社會髮展的有效途徑。實施地質資料信息服務集群化和產業化戰略，促進地質工作更加緊密地與經濟社會髮展相結閤，更加主動地為經濟社會髮展服務，構建以社會需求為導嚮的城市地質工作服務新機製的重要舉措施。城市地質工作應突齣以基礎地質研究為主線，註重理論研究與實踐應用的結閤。註重地質環境鑑測和研究成果與城市安全鑑測及預警管理相結閤。註重地質調查研究與規劃和國土資源管理相結閤。三維信息化平檯建設，要為多專業、多要素綜閤評價提供基礎和條件。今後上海城市地質工作將在以下3箇方麵開展更深入的探索研究，首先要建立城市地質服務于城市髮展過程全過程機製與模式，將地質工作逐步應用于城市總體規劃、詳細規劃、土地利用規劃、城市安全鑑測與預警、地下空間開髮等領域。其次建立城市地質信息持續更新與社會共享機製，進一步彊化地質資料彙交工作，與相關單位進一步推進地質資料信息共建共享機製建設。第三是要實現三維可視化技術與城市地質調查工作流程的融閤，信息技術隻有與業務流程相融閤，纔會進一步激髮業務需求，形成需求與反嚮需求的良性互動。
성시지질구유흔엄적공작범주，기정의일반인위시재성시급기주위지구혹잠재성시화적특정공간범위내，종합고필각충지질요소（암석여구조、수문여공정、광산여건재등），연구기대성시발전소제공적자원、소시가적약속조건급성시발전대기산생적영향，위성시규화、건설화관리복무적지질공작。상해성시지질공작시종이복무성시발전、보장성시안전위수요임무，광산자원보사、공정감찰、지면침강조사、배경지질조사、공정지질조사등지질공작내용증분별성위불동년대성시지질공작적주요내용。2004년계동적상해시삼유성시지질조사공작，개계료지질공작사회화복무적신편장，목전항목적유관성과이경재성시적규화、건설여관리중득도료응용。본차성시지질조사공작수차건립료삼유기암지질、제사기지질、공정지질화수문지질결구모형，제승료성시지질조사공작적정도。결합상해시중심성구지하공간개발규화，위요지하공간개발중소면림적전형지질문제（연토、류사、승압지하수등），개전료지하공간개발적지질배경괄의성평개。계통개전료토양화천층지하수지구화학조사，초보건립토지질량동태감측망락。상해지면침강방치재법규건설、제도보장、기술창신등방면취득봉석성과，초보구건료상해지철、고가교량、방신장등생명선공정안전감측여예경계통。재정합료근백년장강구급해안대지질배경수거기출상，건립료불동시기해안대삼유지질모형，이경계동료해안대지질배경감측공작，근종감측해안대지질배경변화，급시예경지질재해。성시지질공작적기출시요실현지질자료신식“집군화”，취시통과구건지질자료회교화사회공향궤제，파분산、고립적지질자료회집도통일적공향평태상래，통과대지질자료적신식화、표준화，진일보정합、알굴지질자료신식내재개치。지질자료신식복무“산업화”，취시충분발휘사회주의시장경제작용，통과복무궤제화모식적창신，발휘해량종합지질자료신식적심후잠질，결합지질공작자적지식화지혜，탐색지질복무다원화，실현지질자료신식유량변향질변적승화，성위지질공작복무경제사회발전적유효도경。실시지질자료신식복무집군화화산업화전략，촉진지질공작경가긴밀지여경제사회발전상결합，경가주동지위경제사회발전복무，구건이사회수구위도향적성시지질공작복무신궤제적중요거조시。성시지질공작응돌출이기출지질연구위주선，주중이론연구여실천응용적결합。주중지질배경감측화연구성과여성시안전감측급예경관리상결합。주중지질조사연구여규화화국토자원관리상결합。삼유신식화평태건설，요위다전업、다요소종합평개제공기출화조건。금후상해성시지질공작장재이하3개방면개전경심입적탐색연구，수선요건립성시지질복무우성시발전과정전과정궤제여모식，장지질공작축보응용우성시총체규화、상세규화、토지이용규화、성시안전감측여예경、지하공간개발등영역。기차건립성시지질신식지속경신여사회공향궤제，진일보강화지질자료회교공작，여상관단위진일보추진지질자료신식공건공향궤제건설。제삼시요실현삼유가시화기술여성시지질조사공작류정적융합，신식기술지유여업무류정상융합，재회진일보격발업무수구，형성수구여반향수구적량성호동。
The urban geology working scope is wide. Generally, it comprehensively considers various geological factors, such as rocks and structures, hydrology and engineering, mining and building materials, etc, in the city and its surrounding areas or potential urbanization within a particular space to study the resources it can provide to and constraints it imposes on the urban development, together with the influence of urban development on geological factors, with the goal of working for the urban planning, construction and management services. Serving urban development, guaranteeing urban security are always two most paramount tasks of Shanghai urban geological work. The mineral resources survey, the engineering survey, the ground subsidence investigation, the environmental geological survey and the geological engineering survey among urban geological work content have become the main contents of geological work in different era, respectively. In 2004, Shanghai three-dimensional urban geological survey, which opened a new chapter in social service of geological work, was started, and at present the relevant outcomes of this project have already been applied to urban planning, construction and management as well. For the first time, the urban geological survey established a three-dimensional model of bedrock geology, quaternary geology, engineering geology and hydrogeology, which enhances the accuracy of the geological survey. The geological environment suitability assessment of the underground space development was carried out in combination with the underground space development plan of the central city and by focusing on the typical geological problems of underground space development, such as soft soil, sand flow, confined groundwater, etc. The systematic investigation of soil and the geochemical investigation of shallow groundwater were carried out, and the land quality dynamic monitoring network was initially established. The fruitful results of land subsidence control in laws, system security and technological innovation were achieved, the safety monitoring and early warning systems of lifeline projects, such as the Shanghai subway, elevated bridges, flood walls, were initially constructed. Based on the integration of the last hundred years＇geological environment data of the Yangtze estuary and coastal zone, three-dimensional geological models of the coastal zone of different time were established, and the geological environmental monitoring work of coastal zone has been launched to track and monitor changes in coastal geological environment, and timely warn geological disasters. The basic goal of the urban geological work is the geological data and information ＂clustering＂, that is, putting the dispersed and isolated geological data together into a resource sharing framework, and further integrating and digging the intrinsic value by informatization and standardizing data. ＂Industrialization＂ of geological data information service is to tap a strong potential to integrate massive geological data information by fully playing the role of the socialist market economy and based on the service mechanism and innovation of mode, to achieve a distillation of quantitative to qualitative change of geological data and information and become an effective way for geological work to serve the economic and social development in combination with the knowledge and wisdom of geologists and by exploring the diversity of geological services. The implementation of geological data and information services clustering and industrialization strategies and the promotion, which services economic and social development more proactively, to closely combine the geological work with economic and social development, are the important measurements to construct social-demand-oriented new mechanism of urban geological work service. Urban geological work should highlight the basic geological research, and emphasize the combination of the theoretical research and practical application, as weU as the combination of the geological environmental monitoring research results and management of urban safety monitoring and early warning, and the combination of the research and planning of geological survey and land resource management. The construction of three-dimensional informatization framework should provide the basis and conditions for multi-disciplinary, multi-factor comprehensive assessment. In future, Shanghai urban geological work will carry out more in-depth exploration and research in the following three aspects： firstly, establish a whole process mechanism and mode for urban geological work to serve the urban development, this should be gradually applied to the overall urban planning, detailed planning, land use planning, urban safety monitoring and early warning, underground space development or other fields; secondly, establish a continuously updated urban geological information and social sharing mechanism, further strengthen the reporting and handing in work of geological data, promote the construction of the sharing mechanism of geological data and information with relevant units; thirdly, to achieve the integration of a three-dimensional visualization technology and urban geological survey work processes, only through the integration of the information technology and business process can further stimulate business needs, and form the interaction between demands and reverse demands.
