上海地质
上海地質
상해지질
2010年
B11期
3~4
,共null页
城市地质 成果应用 城市规划
城市地質 成果應用 城市規劃
성시지질 성과응용 성시규화
urbak geology; production application; urban plan
城市地质信息作为城市规划的基础资料，是决定城市用地选择的恰当与否、城市的功能组织和城市规划布局合理性的关键，同时对建设工程的经济决策和城市的运营管理等也有一定的影响。在上海城市发展的不同阶段，城市地质工作不仅发挥了地质尖兵作用，而且在城市总体规划、城镇体系布局和重大工程选址等工作中发挥了重要作用。上海市三维城市地质调查项目在开展过程中始终以应用为主线，根据上海市功能定位、城镇体系布局，综合运用现代地质调查手段，开展基岩地质、第四纪地质、水文地质、工程地质及地质灾害调查，进行了建筑和地下空间开发适宜性分区评价，调查成果服务于城市总体规划、分区规划、地下空间开发和地下水供水规划等不同层面，为实现城市可持续发展，降低城市建设和运营维护成本提供了强有力的技术支撑。城市规划的不同阶段所需地质资料的详细程度及评价重点不同，因此调查成果在对城市规划中的服务对象、服务内容、服务方式各不相同，本次调查则针对不同规划分别进行了针对性的应用。区域地壳稳定性和地质结构特征是城市总体规划编制的重要依据。为此城市地质调查详细分析和评价了上海地区基底稳定性，最终得出上海地区地震活动相对较弱，断裂在全新世以来无活动迹象，对城市规划基本无影响；上海地区在海洋、河流和古气候等综合作用下，经过数百年的演化，塑造了上海地区复杂的地质结构，对城镇体系布局和规划、地下空间开发和重大工程选址都有明显的制约和影响。针对上海市的新城规划，调查根据各规划特点重点进行了工程地质和与工程建设相关的水文地质调查。结果表明上海地区工程地质结构复杂，各新城位于不同的地质结构区，工程地质和水文地质条件的差异对新城高层建筑布局、基础设施建设及其投资成本、工程风险控制均有明显的影响。如临港新城1／3面积属近百年围垦、人工造地，属新近人工吹填成陆地区，浅部“欠固结”的不稳定土层厚度达，分布广泛，对工程建设和地下空间开发利用影响明显。新城规划准备布局“共通沟”，即把所有地下管线集中到一条地下管道里，避免“开膛破肚”，为此地质调查充分论证了该方案的可行性，得出了大规模建设共通沟的施工条件差、风险大、工程造价高的结论，并将论证意见及时提交规划单位。地下空间开发涉及空间资源合理规划、地质风险控制、工程施工技术、建筑成本等诸多因素，其中地质结构、工程地质和水文地质条件对地下工程建设的安全控制具有直接制约和影响，本次针对上述因素进行了重点分析着重调查和分析评价。上海地区由于地质结构及复杂的岩土工程、地下水环境等影响，不同区域地下空间地质环境适宜性不同，而且不同深度地下空间开发的地质风险、工程成本差距较大，需要对不同深度地下空间开发做总体规划和安排，在地下空间开发中应特别注意砂土液化、软土地基变形和承压地下水引起的基坑突涌等地质风险。上海世博会规划中地下空间开发规模大，为此本次以世博会为示范点，进行了地下空间开发适宜性评价，分别针对15m、20m、30m基坑和隧道工程建设进行了地质环境适宜性评价，成果已经应用于2010年上海世博会注册报告，为其顺利注册发挥了重要作用。为实现上海市地下水资源合理的开发利用，本次调查围绕实现地质环境保护与地下水资源利用相协调，开展了地下水资源可持续开发与保护规划研究，编制了上海地区地下水资源开发利用专项规划。地下水资源利用由生活工业用水向战略储备资源的方向转变，提出了地下水应急水源地建设方案，并进行了启动1、3个月地质环境影响研究，结果表明，所建立的应急水源地方案及相应应急措施，能为突发应急事件城市安全用水提供保障。目前，为使城市地质成果更广泛地应用于城市规划之中，深入开展了地质资料信息为城市规范服务研究，并在虹桥商务区、安亭汽车城等规划区进行示范服务，在此基础上实现地质为城市规划的产业化服务。
城市地質信息作為城市規劃的基礎資料，是決定城市用地選擇的恰噹與否、城市的功能組織和城市規劃佈跼閤理性的關鍵，同時對建設工程的經濟決策和城市的運營管理等也有一定的影響。在上海城市髮展的不同階段，城市地質工作不僅髮揮瞭地質尖兵作用，而且在城市總體規劃、城鎮體繫佈跼和重大工程選阯等工作中髮揮瞭重要作用。上海市三維城市地質調查項目在開展過程中始終以應用為主線，根據上海市功能定位、城鎮體繫佈跼，綜閤運用現代地質調查手段，開展基巖地質、第四紀地質、水文地質、工程地質及地質災害調查，進行瞭建築和地下空間開髮適宜性分區評價，調查成果服務于城市總體規劃、分區規劃、地下空間開髮和地下水供水規劃等不同層麵，為實現城市可持續髮展，降低城市建設和運營維護成本提供瞭彊有力的技術支撐。城市規劃的不同階段所需地質資料的詳細程度及評價重點不同，因此調查成果在對城市規劃中的服務對象、服務內容、服務方式各不相同，本次調查則針對不同規劃分彆進行瞭針對性的應用。區域地殼穩定性和地質結構特徵是城市總體規劃編製的重要依據。為此城市地質調查詳細分析和評價瞭上海地區基底穩定性，最終得齣上海地區地震活動相對較弱，斷裂在全新世以來無活動跡象，對城市規劃基本無影響；上海地區在海洋、河流和古氣候等綜閤作用下，經過數百年的縯化，塑造瞭上海地區複雜的地質結構，對城鎮體繫佈跼和規劃、地下空間開髮和重大工程選阯都有明顯的製約和影響。針對上海市的新城規劃，調查根據各規劃特點重點進行瞭工程地質和與工程建設相關的水文地質調查。結果錶明上海地區工程地質結構複雜，各新城位于不同的地質結構區，工程地質和水文地質條件的差異對新城高層建築佈跼、基礎設施建設及其投資成本、工程風險控製均有明顯的影響。如臨港新城1／3麵積屬近百年圍墾、人工造地，屬新近人工吹填成陸地區，淺部“欠固結”的不穩定土層厚度達，分佈廣汎，對工程建設和地下空間開髮利用影響明顯。新城規劃準備佈跼“共通溝”，即把所有地下管線集中到一條地下管道裏，避免“開膛破肚”，為此地質調查充分論證瞭該方案的可行性，得齣瞭大規模建設共通溝的施工條件差、風險大、工程造價高的結論，併將論證意見及時提交規劃單位。地下空間開髮涉及空間資源閤理規劃、地質風險控製、工程施工技術、建築成本等諸多因素，其中地質結構、工程地質和水文地質條件對地下工程建設的安全控製具有直接製約和影響，本次針對上述因素進行瞭重點分析著重調查和分析評價。上海地區由于地質結構及複雜的巖土工程、地下水環境等影響，不同區域地下空間地質環境適宜性不同，而且不同深度地下空間開髮的地質風險、工程成本差距較大，需要對不同深度地下空間開髮做總體規劃和安排，在地下空間開髮中應特彆註意砂土液化、軟土地基變形和承壓地下水引起的基坑突湧等地質風險。上海世博會規劃中地下空間開髮規模大，為此本次以世博會為示範點，進行瞭地下空間開髮適宜性評價，分彆針對15m、20m、30m基坑和隧道工程建設進行瞭地質環境適宜性評價，成果已經應用于2010年上海世博會註冊報告，為其順利註冊髮揮瞭重要作用。為實現上海市地下水資源閤理的開髮利用，本次調查圍繞實現地質環境保護與地下水資源利用相協調，開展瞭地下水資源可持續開髮與保護規劃研究，編製瞭上海地區地下水資源開髮利用專項規劃。地下水資源利用由生活工業用水嚮戰略儲備資源的方嚮轉變，提齣瞭地下水應急水源地建設方案，併進行瞭啟動1、3箇月地質環境影響研究，結果錶明，所建立的應急水源地方案及相應應急措施，能為突髮應急事件城市安全用水提供保障。目前，為使城市地質成果更廣汎地應用于城市規劃之中，深入開展瞭地質資料信息為城市規範服務研究，併在虹橋商務區、安亭汽車城等規劃區進行示範服務，在此基礎上實現地質為城市規劃的產業化服務。
성시지질신식작위성시규화적기출자료，시결정성시용지선택적흡당여부、성시적공능조직화성시규화포국합이성적관건，동시대건설공정적경제결책화성시적운영관리등야유일정적영향。재상해성시발전적불동계단，성시지질공작불부발휘료지질첨병작용，이차재성시총체규화、성진체계포국화중대공정선지등공작중발휘료중요작용。상해시삼유성시지질조사항목재개전과정중시종이응용위주선，근거상해시공능정위、성진체계포국，종합운용현대지질조사수단，개전기암지질、제사기지질、수문지질、공정지질급지질재해조사，진행료건축화지하공간개발괄의성분구평개，조사성과복무우성시총체규화、분구규화、지하공간개발화지하수공수규화등불동층면，위실현성시가지속발전，강저성시건설화운영유호성본제공료강유력적기술지탱。성시규화적불동계단소수지질자료적상세정도급평개중점불동，인차조사성과재대성시규화중적복무대상、복무내용、복무방식각불상동，본차조사칙침대불동규화분별진행료침대성적응용。구역지각은정성화지질결구특정시성시총체규화편제적중요의거。위차성시지질조사상세분석화평개료상해지구기저은정성，최종득출상해지구지진활동상대교약，단렬재전신세이래무활동적상，대성시규화기본무영향；상해지구재해양、하류화고기후등종합작용하，경과수백년적연화，소조료상해지구복잡적지질결구，대성진체계포국화규화、지하공간개발화중대공정선지도유명현적제약화영향。침대상해시적신성규화，조사근거각규화특점중점진행료공정지질화여공정건설상관적수문지질조사。결과표명상해지구공정지질결구복잡，각신성위우불동적지질결구구，공정지질화수문지질조건적차이대신성고층건축포국、기출설시건설급기투자성본、공정풍험공제균유명현적영향。여림항신성1／3면적속근백년위은、인공조지，속신근인공취전성륙지구，천부“흠고결”적불은정토층후도체，분포엄범，대공정건설화지하공간개발이용영향명현。신성규화준비포국“공통구”，즉파소유지하관선집중도일조지하관도리，피면“개당파두”，위차지질조사충분론증료해방안적가행성，득출료대규모건설공통구적시공조건차、풍험대、공정조개고적결론，병장론증의견급시제교규화단위。지하공간개발섭급공간자원합리규화、지질풍험공제、공정시공기술、건축성본등제다인소，기중지질결구、공정지질화수문지질조건대지하공정건설적안전공제구유직접제약화영향，본차침대상술인소진행료중점분석착중조사화분석평개。상해지구유우지질결구급복잡적암토공정、지하수배경등영향，불동구역지하공간지질배경괄의성불동，이차불동심도지하공간개발적지질풍험、공정성본차거교대，수요대불동심도지하공간개발주총체규화화안배，재지하공간개발중응특별주의사토액화、연토지기변형화승압지하수인기적기갱돌용등지질풍험。상해세박회규화중지하공간개발규모대，위차본차이세박회위시범점，진행료지하공간개발괄의성평개，분별침대15m、20m、30m기갱화수도공정건설진행료지질배경괄의성평개，성과이경응용우2010년상해세박회주책보고，위기순리주책발휘료중요작용。위실현상해시지하수자원합리적개발이용，본차조사위요실현지질배경보호여지하수자원이용상협조，개전료지하수자원가지속개발여보호규화연구，편제료상해지구지하수자원개발이용전항규화。지하수자원이용유생활공업용수향전략저비자원적방향전변，제출료지하수응급수원지건설방안，병진행료계동1、3개월지질배경영향연구，결과표명，소건립적응급수원지방안급상응응급조시，능위돌발응급사건성시안전용수제공보장。목전，위사성시지질성과경엄범지응용우성시규화지중，심입개전료지질자료신식위성시규범복무연구，병재홍교상무구、안정기차성등규화구진행시범복무，재차기출상실현지질위성시규화적산업화복무。
As the basic material of urban plan, urban geological information plays a definitive role in land selection, and urban function organization, and building layout. Meanwhile, it has a big impact on decision-making of construction investment and management of urban running. In the different phase of urban development in Shanghai, urban geology not only acts as a pioneer, but also plays an important role in urban comprehensive plan, and layout of city and town, and location selection of grand project. During the development of Shanghai 3-D urban geological survey, which is started from the year of 2004, application of the result runs through the whole process. According to city function and town layout and synthetically using modern geological methods, this survey carries through investigation of bedrock geology, hydrology, engineering geology, and geo-hazard, and assessment of the feasibility of underground space use. The productions of this survey are widely applied to urban comprehensive plan, regional plan, underground space use plan, and groundwater resource management plan. All of these have provided strongly technique support on city continuable development and reducing construction and running cost of the city. Different phase of urban plan demands different geological information and assessment production. So this survey carries out practical service content for urban plan, and has got success in the following aspects. First of all, urban comprehensive plan fully applies the result of regional crustal stability assessment and geological structure character. This survey detailedly analyzes the crustal stability in Shanghai area, and concludes that all the faults are not active since Holocene and will not influence the construction. Additionally, effected comprehensively by sea, river, and ancient climate, the geological structure in Shanghai area is extremely complex, which has a big disadvantageous impact on layout of city and town, underground space use, and location selection of grand project. Secondly, new city plan of each district of Shanghai make full use of the urban geological survey production in new city plan area. For the new city plan, this survey emphatically investigates engineering geological conditions and hydrological conditions related to construction. The result indicates that the engineering geological conditions are very complex, and each new city is situated in different geological division. So the difference of engineering geological and hydrological conditions influences building layout, construction, and investment of infrastructure. Take Lingang New City as an example, because a third of the new city plan area is a new land formed by filling sea with a large amount of loose sand soil, the thickness of which is different, the engineering geological character of shallow soil layers is extreme disadvantageous for construction and underground space use. However, in the former plan, underground common pipeline tunnel is planed to install all pipelines to save money. For that, according to the result of Lingang New City geological survey, we adequately assessed the feasibility of the plan. Finally, we concluded that it is not suitable for underground common pipeline construction because of bad construction conditions, big geo-hazard risk, and high cost, and the corresponding plan department canceled this scheme. Thirdly, the results about geological structure and geo-environmental security assessment are completely applied to underground space use plan. Underground space development needs to take reasonable space plan, geo-hazard risk control, construction technique, construction cost, and others into account. Among of them, geo-hazard risk is directly related to construction safety, therefore, we must investigate regional geological structure, and engineering geological and hydrological conditions to prevent geo-hazard happening. Underground project construction should especially pay attention to sand liquefaction, soft foundation transformation, and water and soil piping induced by confined groundwater. However, because of complex geological structure and engineering geological and hydrological conditions in Shanghai, there exists different geo-hazard risk in different place; correspondingly, the geo-environmental feasibility for underground space is dissimilar. Additionally, if the depth of underground space use is different, the geo-hazard faced will be not the same, and the construction cost will also be not various. Therefore, urban planners should properly modify their underground space use plan according the assessment result though geological survey. For example, in the plan area of EXPO 2010 Shanghai, there are a large amount of underground projects. So we take it as a demonstration project of Shanghai 3-D urban geological survey, and emphatically assess the geo-environmental feasibility of underground space use for different place and different depth. We also work out the division map of geo-environmental feasibility of excavation projects and tunnel projects, and the excavation depth includes 10m, 20m, and 30m. All of the results are fully applied to plan, construction, and management of EXPO 2010 Shanghai. Lastly, the result is directly applied to groundwater resource plan. In order to realize reasonably using groundwater re source, and meanwhile protect geo-environment, we have studied the relationship between continuable groundwater resource use and geo-environmental protection. And based on that, we work out special plan of groundwater use and hand it in the government. In this plan, we put forward the construction scheme of urgent groundwater supply sites, and forecast the geo-hazard risk induced by massively using groundwater after one, and three months. The result indicates that the scheme is feasible, and could provide water guarantee when urgent accident happens in the city. To sum up, the productions of Shanghai urban geological survey have been fully applied to urban plan. Presently, we deeply implement geological information service for urban plan, and set Hongqiao commerce district and Anting automobile city as demonstration service area. We hope we can create a new domain in geological information service for urban plan.
