系统工程理论与实践
繫統工程理論與實踐
계통공정이론여실천
Systems Engineering—Theory & Practice
2010年
12期
2297~2308
,共null页
拥挤收费 运行时间可靠度 随机系统最优 先进的出行者信息系统 非可加路径成本
擁擠收費 運行時間可靠度 隨機繫統最優 先進的齣行者信息繫統 非可加路徑成本
옹제수비 운행시간가고도 수궤계통최우 선진적출행자신식계통 비가가로경성본
congestion pricing; travel time reliability; stochastic system optimum; advanced traveler information systems; non-additive path cost
应用交通网络平衡模型和边际成本收费理论相结合的方法,研究了运行时间可靠度下的随机系统最优拥挤收费问题,建立了运行时间可靠度及内生ATIS市场渗透率条件下随机系统最优交通拥挤收费模型.分析了基于运行时间可靠度下的随机系统最优拥挤收费对用户出行行为的影响.发现了与确定性网络用户平衡流中的情形类似,对于考虑运行时间可靠度下的随机交通网络,边际成本收费理论仍然适用,即采用边际社会成本流函数代替单位路段成本流函数,可以使随机网络随机用户平衡流变为随机网络随机系统最优流.算例分析结果表明:在传统的拥挤收费模型中,拥挤收费仅与路径(路段)运行时间和路径(路段)流量有关.现实中,在确定他们的出行路线时,用户往往还会考虑网络运行时间可靠度因素,而不仅仅是路径运行时间或成本.用户对于运行时间可靠度的置信度要求越高,传统的拥挤收费执行效果越不理想.因此,现实生活中传统的拥挤收费不一定能使网络效益达到最优或缓解交通拥挤.
應用交通網絡平衡模型和邊際成本收費理論相結閤的方法,研究瞭運行時間可靠度下的隨機繫統最優擁擠收費問題,建立瞭運行時間可靠度及內生ATIS市場滲透率條件下隨機繫統最優交通擁擠收費模型.分析瞭基于運行時間可靠度下的隨機繫統最優擁擠收費對用戶齣行行為的影響.髮現瞭與確定性網絡用戶平衡流中的情形類似,對于攷慮運行時間可靠度下的隨機交通網絡,邊際成本收費理論仍然適用,即採用邊際社會成本流函數代替單位路段成本流函數,可以使隨機網絡隨機用戶平衡流變為隨機網絡隨機繫統最優流.算例分析結果錶明:在傳統的擁擠收費模型中,擁擠收費僅與路徑(路段)運行時間和路徑(路段)流量有關.現實中,在確定他們的齣行路線時,用戶往往還會攷慮網絡運行時間可靠度因素,而不僅僅是路徑運行時間或成本.用戶對于運行時間可靠度的置信度要求越高,傳統的擁擠收費執行效果越不理想.因此,現實生活中傳統的擁擠收費不一定能使網絡效益達到最優或緩解交通擁擠.
응용교통망락평형모형화변제성본수비이론상결합적방법,연구료운행시간가고도하적수궤계통최우옹제수비문제,건립료운행시간가고도급내생ATIS시장삼투솔조건하수궤계통최우교통옹제수비모형.분석료기우운행시간가고도하적수궤계통최우옹제수비대용호출행행위적영향.발현료여학정성망락용호평형류중적정형유사,대우고필운행시간가고도하적수궤교통망락,변제성본수비이론잉연괄용,즉채용변제사회성본류함수대체단위로단성본류함수,가이사수궤망락수궤용호평형류변위수궤망락수궤계통최우류.산례분석결과표명:재전통적옹제수비모형중,옹제수비부여로경(로단)운행시간화로경(로단)류량유관.현실중,재학정타문적출행로선시,용호왕왕환회고필망락운행시간가고도인소,이불부부시로경운행시간혹성본.용호대우운행시간가고도적치신도요구월고,전통적옹제수비집행효과월불이상.인차,현실생활중전통적옹제수비불일정능사망락효익체도최우혹완해교통옹제.
The reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing was studied. The approach employed in our study was a combined application of the traffic network equilibrium modeling and the Marginal Cost Pricing (MCP) theory. A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing model with respect to the stochasticity of network travel times under Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) with endogenous market penetration was established. The influence of the reliability- based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing on traveler's travel behaviour was analyzed. It is pointed that analogous to the situation in the deterministic case, the principle of marginal cost pricing is still applicable in a travel time reliability-based stochastic traffic network. That is, the Stochastic Network- Stochastic User Equilibrium (SN-SUE) flow pattern can be driven to the Stochastic Network-Stochastic System Optimum (SN-SSO) flow pattern by using the marginal cost-flow functions in place of the link cost- flow functions. Analysis results indicate that in traditional congestion pricing models, congestion pricing is only related to route (link) travel time and route (link) traffic flow. However, in real life, travelers often choose their travel routes based on the network travel time reliability, not only on route travel times or costs. The higher the travel time reliability the traveler is concerned with, the worse the actual effect of the traditional marginal cost pricing. Therefore, the traditional congestion pricing may neither drive the traffic network toward the system optimum nor reduce total network travel cost.