心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2010年
6期
1368~1374
,共null页
元认知能力 事后偏差 回忆型范式 假设型范式 初中生
元認知能力 事後偏差 迴憶型範式 假設型範式 初中生
원인지능력 사후편차 회억형범식 가설형범식 초중생
meta-cognitive ability; the hindsight bias; memory design; hypothesis design; junior high school students
采用问卷情景导入,通过真实事件材料考察了初中生的元认知能力对其产生事后偏差的影响,及此影响是否仅存于假设型范式中。结果发现:在两种范式下,元认知能力较高的初中生所表现出的事后偏差均显著低于元认知能力较低者。在不同范式下,起显著预测作用的元认知能力成分有所不同。在回忆型范式中,初中生的元认知技能和元认知体验能力越强,其事后偏差越小;而在假设型范式中,初中生的元认知知识和元认知技能越强,其事后偏差越小。
採用問捲情景導入,通過真實事件材料攷察瞭初中生的元認知能力對其產生事後偏差的影響,及此影響是否僅存于假設型範式中。結果髮現:在兩種範式下,元認知能力較高的初中生所錶現齣的事後偏差均顯著低于元認知能力較低者。在不同範式下,起顯著預測作用的元認知能力成分有所不同。在迴憶型範式中,初中生的元認知技能和元認知體驗能力越彊,其事後偏差越小;而在假設型範式中,初中生的元認知知識和元認知技能越彊,其事後偏差越小。
채용문권정경도입,통과진실사건재료고찰료초중생적원인지능력대기산생사후편차적영향,급차영향시부부존우가설형범식중。결과발현:재량충범식하,원인지능력교고적초중생소표현출적사후편차균현저저우원인지능력교저자。재불동범식하,기현저예측작용적원인지능력성분유소불동。재회억형범식중,초중생적원인지기능화원인지체험능력월강,기사후편차월소;이재가설형범식중,초중생적원인지지식화원인지기능월강,기사후편차월소。
The effect of individual meta-cognitive ability on hindsight bias was investigated throngh the materials of real events among junior high school students. Also investigated was,whether this effect could be found in the hypothetical design only. The results showed that:compared with students with lower meta-cognitive abilities,students with higher meta-cognitive abilities showed less hindsight bias; In addition,components of meta-cognition played different roles in different designs. In the memory design,the significant predictive roles in dhindsight bias were meta-cognition skills and meta-cognition experience. The students who showed greater abilities in these two aspects generated less hindsight bias. In the hypothetical design,the significant predictive roles were meta-cognition knowledge and meta-cognition skills. Students with stronger abilities in these two had less bias.