CAJ | 학술논문

认知诊断研究有助人们更好地了解人类内部心理活动规律及加工机制,实现对个体认知发展实况（含优点与缺限）的诊断评估,以促进个体全面发展。本研究尝试将认知诊断应用于小学儿童数学问题解决中,探讨儿童对于数学问题解决的认知发展特点及所存在的缺限,以促进儿童相关认知发展及知识获取。研究发现：（1）数学关系复杂性成分和语言复杂性成分是影响小学儿童数学问题解决的主要认知成分;（2）小学儿童对于加减数学问题解决所涉及的七个关键认知属性掌握的总体情况尚可。但对属性A4（不一致型比较图式）和A6（识别隐含条件技能）掌握的相对较差,且这两个属性掌握情况存在显著的年级差异和城乡差异。（3）小学儿童所犯的认知错误主要有三类,而这些错误均与认知属性A4和A6有关。（4）问题模型表征策略和直译表征策略是小学儿童两种主要的表征策略,但以问题模型策略为主。不同策略的使用情况上存在显著的年级和城乡差异。
인지진단연구유조인문경호지료해인류내부심리활동규률급가공궤제,실현대개체인지발전실황（함우점여결한）적진단평고,이촉진개체전면발전。본연구상시장인지진단응용우소학인동수학문제해결중,탐토인동대우수학문제해결적인지발전특점급소존재적결한,이촉진인동상관인지발전급지식획취。연구발현：（1）수학관계복잡성성분화어언복잡성성분시영향소학인동수학문제해결적주요인지성분;（2）소학인동대우가감수학문제해결소섭급적칠개관건인지속성장악적총체정황상가。단대속성A4（불일치형비교도식）화A6（식별은함조건기능）장악적상대교차,차저량개속성장악정황존재현저적년급차이화성향차이。（3）소학인동소범적인지착오주요유삼류,이저사착오균여인지속성A4화A6유관。（4）문제모형표정책략화직역표정책략시소학인동량충주요적표정책략,단이문제모형책략위주。불동책략적사용정황상존재현저적년급화성향차이。
Cognitive diagnosis is designed to measure specific knowledge structures and processing skills in students so as to provide information about their cognitive strengths and weaknesses. This paper tried to apply cognitive diagnosis to children＇s math problem solving,and discussed their cognitive developing characteristics. Using the cognitive diagnosis model—HO-DINA model to analyze the data of primary school children＇s math problem solving,we arrived at the following conclusions：（1） The complexity of math relation and verbalism are the main cognitive elements affecting primang school children＇s math problem solving. （2） In general,children＇s mastery of 7 key attributes in the problem solving of subtraction and addition is tolerably good in. But there exist significant difference effects among different grades and cities for attribute 4 and attribute 6. （The mastery level for the higher grade is greater than the that of the lower grade,and that of cities are better than that of villages.） The mastery of 7 attributes for children from village schools is not ideal,67.68% of them have cognitive errors,50% of them fail to master attribute 4,which is a remarkable problem. （3） The cognitive error of children can be categorized into three types,all related to attribute 4 and attribute 6. The number of cognitive errors of children from lower grades is greater than tha of children from higher grades,and children from citoes is greater than children from villages. （4） Problem model strategy and direct translation strategy are the main strategies of mathematic mental representation,especially the former. The application of different strategies has a significant difference effect.