CAJ | 학술논문

自尊需要是否具有跨文化普遍性是文化心理学领域近10年来争论最为激烈的问题之一。围绕这一争议,本文从6个方面对国内外基于中国人的自尊研究进行了梳理、整合和解读。结果显示：1）自尊作为一种结构在中国和西方是类似的;2）中国人的自尊是存在积极偏差的;3）高自尊对中国人是有益的;4）中国人需要、努力且策略性地维护和促进自尊;5）中国人只是在自尊的认知成分上水平比西方人低,情感成分上不低;6）自尊的文化差异可以由动机或需要本身以外的与文化密切相关的因素解释,比如：谦虚、趋中的反应偏向、朴素的辩证认知风格等。这些证据表明：自尊需要具有跨文化普遍性,但其表达、促进和维护因文化而异。
자존수요시부구유과문화보편성시문화심이학영역근10년래쟁론최위격렬적문제지일。위요저일쟁의,본문종6개방면대국내외기우중국인적자존연구진행료소리、정합화해독。결과현시：1）자존작위일충결구재중국화서방시유사적;2）중국인적자존시존재적겁편차적;3）고자존대중국인시유익적;4）중국인수요、노력차책략성지유호화촉진자존;5）중국인지시재자존적인지성분상수평비서방인저,정감성분상불저;6）자존적문화차이가이유동궤혹수요본신이외적여문화밀절상관적인소해석,비여：겸허、추중적반응편향、박소적변증인지풍격등。저사증거표명：자존수요구유과문화보편성,단기표체、촉진화유호인문화이이。
This article reviews the large body of accumulated studies on Chinese self-esteem in relation to the hot debate about universality of the need for positive self-regard. Six lines of studies on Chinese self-esteem showed that： 1） Chinese self-esteem has similar structure as it is in the West;2） Chinese self-esteem manifest pronounced positive self-bias as it does in the West;3） High self-esteem is beneficial in China as it is in the West;4） Chinese maintain and enhance their self-esteem tactically in culture-specific ways;5） Chinese manifest low cognitive self-evaluation but similar affective self-regard compared with people in the West;6） Chinese low self-esteem could be accounted for by factors characterizing Chinese culture such as modesty,moderate response tendency and nave dialectic self. These findings suggest that the need for high self-esteem is pan-cultural although culture may prescribe its expression and the ways to maintain and enhance it.