南开学报：哲学社会科学版
南開學報：哲學社會科學版
남개학보：철학사회과학판
Nankai Journal
2011年
1期
90~100
,共null页
价值 现象学 感知 价值认定
價值 現象學 感知 價值認定
개치 현상학 감지 개치인정
Value; Phenomenology; Perception; Value Determined
舍勒将现象学看作是对“本质”与“此在”问题的考察，这种考察可以划分为实事现象学、行为现象学和关联现象学。在他看来，对本质性领域的通达，就像胡塞尔在其认识论中通过一门理性认识的感知学说来进行一样，在价值论中也可以通过一门情感行为的价值认定学说来实现。舍勒认为情感活动先天地指向特定的价值对象，而对价值的认定在实事现象学的意义上只意味着一种特殊的质性；只有在行为现象学之中，亦即在接受性的情感行为之中才直接给出其意向相关项：在意向感受之中给出单个价值内涵，在偏好或偏恶之中给出更高或更低的价值，在爱与恨的行为之中给出价值的等级秩序。而在关联现象学上价值的本质性联系却奠基于一种纯粹质料的秩序，也就是舍勒的质料先天主义。后者的功能化才是价值作为一种功能性存在的基础。于是，价值认定依赖于价值存在。由此，舍勒的价值论面临着各种内在困难与外在误解也正根源于未能清楚阐释这种纯粹质料的秩序及其奠基关系。
捨勒將現象學看作是對“本質”與“此在”問題的攷察，這種攷察可以劃分為實事現象學、行為現象學和關聯現象學。在他看來，對本質性領域的通達，就像鬍塞爾在其認識論中通過一門理性認識的感知學說來進行一樣，在價值論中也可以通過一門情感行為的價值認定學說來實現。捨勒認為情感活動先天地指嚮特定的價值對象，而對價值的認定在實事現象學的意義上隻意味著一種特殊的質性；隻有在行為現象學之中，亦即在接受性的情感行為之中纔直接給齣其意嚮相關項：在意嚮感受之中給齣單箇價值內涵，在偏好或偏噁之中給齣更高或更低的價值，在愛與恨的行為之中給齣價值的等級秩序。而在關聯現象學上價值的本質性聯繫卻奠基于一種純粹質料的秩序，也就是捨勒的質料先天主義。後者的功能化纔是價值作為一種功能性存在的基礎。于是，價值認定依賴于價值存在。由此，捨勒的價值論麵臨著各種內在睏難與外在誤解也正根源于未能清楚闡釋這種純粹質料的秩序及其奠基關繫。
사륵장현상학간작시대“본질”여“차재”문제적고찰，저충고찰가이화분위실사현상학、행위현상학화관련현상학。재타간래，대본질성영역적통체，취상호새이재기인식론중통과일문이성인식적감지학설래진행일양，재개치론중야가이통과일문정감행위적개치인정학설래실현。사륵인위정감활동선천지지향특정적개치대상，이대개치적인정재실사현상학적의의상지의미착일충특수적질성；지유재행위현상학지중，역즉재접수성적정감행위지중재직접급출기의향상관항：재의향감수지중급출단개개치내함，재편호혹편악지중급출경고혹경저적개치，재애여한적행위지중급출개치적등급질서。이재관련현상학상개치적본질성련계각전기우일충순수질료적질서，야취시사륵적질료선천주의。후자적공능화재시개치작위일충공능성존재적기출。우시，개치인정의뢰우개치존재。유차，사륵적개치론면림착각충내재곤난여외재오해야정근원우미능청초천석저충순수질료적질서급기전기관계。
Scheler regards the phenomenology as the investigation on the issue of ＂Essence＂ and ＂Being＂ which could be divided into practical phenomenology, behavior and associated phenomenology. He declares that the accessibility of essential areas just as Husserl＇s epistemology in its understanding through a rational theory for the perception, determined as also in the value of emotional behavior through a theory to realize the value. Scheler claims, it＇ s in the emotional acts that reveals a priori contents of values. The perception of value in the sense of phenomenology of things means only a special quality, only in the horizon of phenomenology of acts, i.e. in the receptivity of emotions, can directly be given the correlate of value： it＇s given in the intentional feelings the single content of value, in ＂preferring or placing after＂ higher or lower values, in loving and hating the hierarchy of value. But in the term of phenomenology of connections, the essential connections of value is based on an order of pure material, namely Scheler＇s Apriorism of the material, the funetionalization of which therefore founds the value and that＇ s why the existence of value in Scheler is functional existence. So the perception of value is depended upon the being of value. Conclusively, it＇s just because Scheler＇s unclear illumination of the order of pure material and its foundational relations that make Scheler＇ s theory of value face with a fair amount of inherent difficulties and external misunderstanding.
