CAJ | 학술논문

酸雨控制的大获成功,使排污交易不仅在美国受到推崇,更被世界各国争相效仿。不过,排污交易制度自在美国诞生以来,就一直面临着诸多理论和实践难题。在理论上,排污交易既难以回答反对者对其不合乎道德的追问,也无法消除学者们对国际排污交易导致的发达国家规避或者转移自身减排责任的担忧。在实践中,排污交易在效率、效果和公平性问题上,均受到质疑。这包括其成本收益计算的不准确,减排力度和速度不如直接管制,以及引发的环境公平问题无法得到有效解决。此外,排污信用的法律性质问题至今也未得到彻底的解决。
산우공제적대획성공,사배오교역불부재미국수도추숭,경피세계각국쟁상효방。불과,배오교역제도자재미국탄생이래,취일직면림착제다이론화실천난제。재이론상,배오교역기난이회답반대자대기불합호도덕적추문,야무법소제학자문대국제배오교역도치적발체국가규피혹자전이자신감배책임적담우。재실천중,배오교역재효솔、효과화공평성문제상,균수도질의。저포괄기성본수익계산적불준학,감배력도화속도불여직접관제,이급인발적배경공평문제무법득도유효해결。차외,배오신용적법률성질문제지금야미득도철저적해결。
Emissions trading has becomes very popular since the great success of control of acid rain in the U.S.,and then it has been taken by other countries in the world.However,emissions trading has some theoretical and practical difficulties.From the theoretical perspective,emissions trading can neither answer the criticism for its morality nor ease the worry of the avoidance by developed countries of their responsibilities in international trading programs.In practice,emissions trading faces three main doubts,including efficiency,effectiveness and justice.Some scholars argue that the cost-benefit analysis is inexact and think that the command-and-control regulation is more effective.The most challenging and demanding task is how to settle the ＂hot spots＂ which have caused severe environmental justice issues.Moreover,the legal foundation of emissions trading is not yet completely addressed.