西部论坛
西部論罈
서부론단
West Forum
2011年
1期
27~31
,共null页
进城农民工 失地农民 农民城市化 农民市民化 浅度城市化 准城市人口 户籍制度改革 外劳模式 土地换身份 权利与义务对等 纳税人 公共服务一体化
進城農民工 失地農民 農民城市化 農民市民化 淺度城市化 準城市人口 戶籍製度改革 外勞模式 土地換身份 權利與義務對等 納稅人 公共服務一體化
진성농민공 실지농민 농민성시화 농민시민화 천도성시화 준성시인구 호적제도개혁 외로모식 토지환신빈 권리여의무대등 납세인 공공복무일체화
migrant worker; the peasants who lost their land; urbanization for peasants; peasants to become urban residents; low urbanization; quasi-urban-population; household register system reform; the mode of working in the cities but still being peasant identity; using land to exchange urban resident identity; enjoying equal rights as urban residents and taking the same responsibilities as urban residents; taxpaye; integration of public service
我国＂外劳模式＂的农民城市化,是一种＂浅度城市化＂,产生了大量＂准城市人口＂,并带来一系列社会经济问题。＂土地换身份模式＂是各地政府为解决＂浅度城市化＂、＂准城市人口＂相关问题,实现＂农民市民化＂进行的积极探索和实践,但其面临交易风险、就业及社会保险风险等不确定因素,且受到＂局部性＂的限制。＂权利与义务对等模式＂,基于＂依法享有当地居民应有的权利,承担应尽的义务＂的原则,使农民工作为纳税人享受与城市人平等的公共服务和社会保障,是更加有利于科学发展和社会和谐、更加符合完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求的＂农民市民化＂模式。为推动这一模式的实施,应积极推行城市公共服务的一体化;在基本层面建立覆盖全体非农业劳动者,进而覆盖全体国民的社会保障体系;并改革农业用地转化为城市用地的收益分配制度,让失地农民获得更加公平和充分的土地补偿。
我國＂外勞模式＂的農民城市化,是一種＂淺度城市化＂,產生瞭大量＂準城市人口＂,併帶來一繫列社會經濟問題。＂土地換身份模式＂是各地政府為解決＂淺度城市化＂、＂準城市人口＂相關問題,實現＂農民市民化＂進行的積極探索和實踐,但其麵臨交易風險、就業及社會保險風險等不確定因素,且受到＂跼部性＂的限製。＂權利與義務對等模式＂,基于＂依法享有噹地居民應有的權利,承擔應儘的義務＂的原則,使農民工作為納稅人享受與城市人平等的公共服務和社會保障,是更加有利于科學髮展和社會和諧、更加符閤完善社會主義市場經濟體製的要求的＂農民市民化＂模式。為推動這一模式的實施,應積極推行城市公共服務的一體化;在基本層麵建立覆蓋全體非農業勞動者,進而覆蓋全體國民的社會保障體繫;併改革農業用地轉化為城市用地的收益分配製度,讓失地農民穫得更加公平和充分的土地補償。
아국＂외로모식＂적농민성시화,시일충＂천도성시화＂,산생료대량＂준성시인구＂,병대래일계렬사회경제문제。＂토지환신빈모식＂시각지정부위해결＂천도성시화＂、＂준성시인구＂상관문제,실현＂농민시민화＂진행적적겁탐색화실천,단기면림교역풍험、취업급사회보험풍험등불학정인소,차수도＂국부성＂적한제。＂권리여의무대등모식＂,기우＂의법향유당지거민응유적권리,승담응진적의무＂적원칙,사농민공작위납세인향수여성시인평등적공공복무화사회보장,시경가유리우과학발전화사회화해、경가부합완선사회주의시장경제체제적요구적＂농민시민화＂모식。위추동저일모식적실시,응적겁추행성시공공복무적일체화;재기본층면건립복개전체비농업노동자,진이복개전체국민적사회보장체계;병개혁농업용지전화위성시용지적수익분배제도,양실지농민획득경가공평화충분적토지보상。
China’s urbanization for migrant workers with the mode of working in the cities but still being peasant identity is low urbanization,produces a lot of quasi-urban-population and brings a series of social problems. The urbanization for migrant workers with the mode of using land to exchange urban resident identity is active exploration and practice by the governments all over China for solving the relative problems in low urbanization and quasi-urban-population to realize urbanization of the peasants but faces uncertain factors such as transaction risk,employment,social insurance and so on and is limited by localization. The urbanization for migrant workers with the mode of enjoying the same rights and taking the same responsibilities as urban residents is the principle based on legally sharing the same rights with local urban residents and taking the responsibilities which local urban residents should take,makes migrant workers enjoy equal public service and social insurance as taxpayers and is the urbanization which is more beneficial to scientific development and social harmony and which is more fitting for the requirement of the demand of social market economy system. In order to boost the implementation of this mode,China should promote the integration of urban public service,set up social securitysystem which benefits all non-agricultural population on the basic level and which further benefits all Chinese,and reform the earning distribution system for transforming arable land to commercial land to let the peasants who lost their land obtain more fair and sufficient compensation.
