CAJ | 학술논문

调解作为中国古代社会最为普遍的一种纠纷解决方式,集中反映了中国传统的法律文化——＂无讼＂思想,其生命力根植于中国社会的方方面面。在以小农经济为表现形式的中国传统农业生产经济基础上建立起来的中国传统基本社会关系的结构、社会文化和社会价值取向等对传统调解的产生和发展产生了决定性的影响。而统治者在意识形态上培养＂无讼＂、＂贱讼＂的意识,在司法制度上限制民众的诉权,在审理案件时司法官首选调处息讼的策略以及支持和鼓励民间调解等对调解的盛行不衰起到了推波助澜的作用。中国古代社会特殊的政权性质、体制,以及司法构造、吏治状况等造成的中国古代司法的黑暗,使调解成为当事人趋利避害的必然行为选择。
조해작위중국고대사회최위보편적일충규분해결방식,집중반영료중국전통적법률문화——＂무송＂사상,기생명력근식우중국사회적방방면면。재이소농경제위표현형식적중국전통농업생산경제기출상건립기래적중국전통기본사회관계적결구、사회문화화사회개치취향등대전통조해적산생화발전산생료결정성적영향。이통치자재의식형태상배양＂무송＂、＂천송＂적의식,재사법제도상한제민음적소권,재심리안건시사법관수선조처식송적책략이급지지화고려민간조해등대조해적성행불쇠기도료추파조란적작용。중국고대사회특수적정권성질、체제,이급사법구조、리치상황등조성적중국고대사법적흑암,사조해성위당사인추리피해적필연행위선택。
As a most common means to settle disputes in Chinese ancient society,mediation focally represented the conception of ＂non-charge＂,a essential factor of Chinese traditional legal culture,whose power of life is rooted in every aspect of Chinese society.The social structure,social culture and social values which embodied the primary relations of Chinese traditional society had decisive influences in the introduction and growth of mediation.The rulers helped a great deal enhance popularity of mediation by developing a consciousness of ＂noncharge＂ or ＂denouncing charge＂ ideologically,restricting people＇s right of charge in legal system,preferring the strategy of mediation to calm down charge and encouraging folk mediation.The darkness in the judicial system in ancient China,which resulted only from the special character and institutions of political power in Chinese ancient society,judicial composition and status quo of officialdom,made mediation a necessary option by which the persecutor could avoid hazardous effects to most degree.