中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2011年
2期
106~111
,共null页
渭河下游 洪灾危险性 降雨量 降雨变率
渭河下遊 洪災危險性 降雨量 降雨變率
위하하유 홍재위험성 강우량 강우변솔
lower reaches of Weihe River; flood fatalness; precipitation; change rate of precipitation
大气降水的不规则运动是引发洪水灾害的重要因素。通过对＂小洪水、大灾情＂特性显著的渭河下游洪泛区的洪水特性、降水规律以及二者的关系进行分析,利用插值计算法进行降水量和降水变率空间分析,评估并区划了研究区汛期洪灾风险的降水危险性。主要结论为：①季节性的强降水过程是引发渭河下游洪水灾害的重要因素,连续暴雨或大范围暴雨往往带来洪水灾害;②汛期降雨量呈现出显著的南多北少特征,且从东南到西北依次递减,咸阳、高陵县、大荔县西北部降水量偏低,而秦岭北麓的华县、华阴及西安市区降水相对丰富;③汛期降水变率虽然呈现出相间分布的特征,但降水量变化较大的区域（西安市区、华县以及潼关县东南部）都集中于南部的秦岭北麓;④根据降水量越大,影响度越高,降水变率越大,降水量越不稳定,洪水危险性越高的原则,进行洪灾的降水危险性评估与区划,结果显示降水危险性较高与较低区域呈环状相间分布,危险性较高的区域更多地分布于渭河干流南岸。
大氣降水的不規則運動是引髮洪水災害的重要因素。通過對＂小洪水、大災情＂特性顯著的渭河下遊洪汎區的洪水特性、降水規律以及二者的關繫進行分析,利用插值計算法進行降水量和降水變率空間分析,評估併區劃瞭研究區汛期洪災風險的降水危險性。主要結論為：①季節性的彊降水過程是引髮渭河下遊洪水災害的重要因素,連續暴雨或大範圍暴雨往往帶來洪水災害;②汛期降雨量呈現齣顯著的南多北少特徵,且從東南到西北依次遞減,鹹暘、高陵縣、大荔縣西北部降水量偏低,而秦嶺北麓的華縣、華陰及西安市區降水相對豐富;③汛期降水變率雖然呈現齣相間分佈的特徵,但降水量變化較大的區域（西安市區、華縣以及潼關縣東南部）都集中于南部的秦嶺北麓;④根據降水量越大,影響度越高,降水變率越大,降水量越不穩定,洪水危險性越高的原則,進行洪災的降水危險性評估與區劃,結果顯示降水危險性較高與較低區域呈環狀相間分佈,危險性較高的區域更多地分佈于渭河榦流南岸。
대기강수적불규칙운동시인발홍수재해적중요인소。통과대＂소홍수、대재정＂특성현저적위하하유홍범구적홍수특성、강수규률이급이자적관계진행분석,이용삽치계산법진행강수량화강수변솔공간분석,평고병구화료연구구신기홍재풍험적강수위험성。주요결론위：①계절성적강강수과정시인발위하하유홍수재해적중요인소,련속폭우혹대범위폭우왕왕대래홍수재해;②신기강우량정현출현저적남다북소특정,차종동남도서북의차체감,함양、고릉현、대려현서북부강수량편저,이진령북록적화현、화음급서안시구강수상대봉부;③신기강수변솔수연정현출상간분포적특정,단강수량변화교대적구역（서안시구、화현이급동관현동남부）도집중우남부적진령북록;④근거강수량월대,영향도월고,강수변솔월대,강수량월불은정,홍수위험성월고적원칙,진행홍재적강수위험성평고여구화,결과현시강수위험성교고여교저구역정배상상간분포,위험성교고적구역경다지분포우위하간류남안。
Erratic behavior of precipitation is the important factor which causes flood disaster.Flood characteristics,precipitation variation and their relationship were analyzed.By interpolating algorithm for precipitation and its change rate,precipitation fatalness in flood season was evaluated and zoned.Seasonal strong precipitation is the important factor that causes flood disater in lower reacher of Weihe River.Continuous torrential rain and wide range rainstorm usually fetch flood disaster.Precipitation in flood season shows descending remarkably from southeast to northwest by turns.It is on the low side in Xianyang,Gaoling and northwest of Dali.And it is abundant comparatively in northern slope of Qinling,such as Huaxian,Huayin and Xi＇an.Change rate of precipitation shows interphase distribution.Remarkable variation regions all converge in northern slope of Qinling,such as Xi＇an,Huaxian and southeast of Tongguan.Based on the principle between precipitation and its change rate,higher fatalness of precipitation regions alternate with the lower regions,and the higher regions usually distribute circlewise on the southness shore of mainstream watershed of the Weihe River.
