CAJ | 학술논문

归纳推理多样性效应被证实为普遍存在的,然而研究者Heit和Medin却对多样性效应的普遍性存在分歧。本文通过三个实验针对两位学者的分歧展开研究。结果发现：1.两位学者之间的分歧是由不同的分类活动引起的。当分类活动为外显时,被试的推理结果既不支持Medin,也不支持Heit;当分类活动内隐时,被试的推理结果支持Heit的观点。2.人们在日常生活及现实情境中,往往是根据直觉对事物进行分类及多样性推理。
귀납추리다양성효응피증실위보편존재적,연이연구자Heit화Medin각대다양성효응적보편성존재분기。본문통과삼개실험침대량위학자적분기전개연구。결과발현：1.량위학자지간적분기시유불동적분류활동인기적。당분류활동위외현시,피시적추리결과기불지지Medin,야불지지Heit;당분류활동내은시,피시적추리결과지지Heit적관점。2.인문재일상생활급현실정경중,왕왕시근거직각대사물진행분류급다양성추리。
It has been proved to be true by many famous researchers that the diversity principle of inductive reasoning exists everywhere in our daily life.There has been considerable evidence that people respect this principle in inductive reasoning.However, some other researchers such as Medin and Heit have different views on this issue.In the paper＂A Relevance Theory of Inductive Reasoning＂,Medin introduced a relevance theory of inductive reasoning,and used this theory to predict an exception—the non-diversity by a property reinforcement effect.An experiment was made to investigate this phenomenon,and the results were obtained. After that,Heit proved this is a diversity effect rather than a non-diversity effect.The subjects made inductive strength judgments and similarity judgments for the stimuli from Medin.The inductive strength judgments showed the same pattern as in Medin.However, the similarity judgments suggested that the pattern should be interpreted as a diversity effect rather than non-diversity.We based our research on the dispute between Medin and Heit.We expected to resolve their dispute,and to discuss the cause of the dispute. Firstly,we perfectly repeated their respective researches,and found their researches could prove their respective view on the diversity principle.Moreover,in order to find out the cause of their dispute,we made another two trials based on the previous repeated researche,and importantly we explored the relations between the categorization and the diversity principle of inductive reasoning.It was concluded that（1）The two scholars＇ dispute on the diversity principle was caused by the categorization task.The inductive reasoning was significantly affected by the categorization.When the categorization was explicit,the results of inductive reasoning support neither Medin＇s view nor Heit＇s view.The subjects hesitated,so they either chose the biology taxonomic criterion as their foundation of reasoning,or chose the non-biology taxonomic criterion.While the categorization was implicit,our results supported Heit＇s view.（2） In our daily life,people sometimes base themselves on intuition and the whole similarity to categorization and diversity reasoning.So,when the non-biology taxonomy is prominent,biology taxonomy loses its superiority.We actually argue that the diversity principle is a universal rule of inductive reasoning.And we ultimately solve the dispute between Medin and Heit.It is concluded that the evidence regarding the predicted non-diversity by the property reinforcement effect does not give distinctive support for the relevance theory.