青海师范大学学报:哲学社会科学版
青海師範大學學報:哲學社會科學版
청해사범대학학보:철학사회과학판
Journal of Qinghai Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
2011年
1期
123~126
,共null页
东晋士族 学习 教育 成因
東晉士族 學習 教育 成因
동진사족 학습 교육 성인
gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty; studying; education; causes
在门阀政治占统治地位的东晋时期,掀起了一个门阀士族积极学习的高潮。在这短短的一百多年间,涌现出大量的知名艺术家,在不同学术和文艺领域卓有造诣,他们重视家庭教育,重视艺术文化的传承。前辈注意培养后代,后代也认真地学习前辈的艺术传统,从而形成了颇具特色的家学传统。推究其因,东晋时期社会的暂时稳定和社会思潮的多元化,九品中正制对品、学的要求,都从客观上要求士族积极地学习,提高才学水准和品德修养,拥有文化优势,以适应社会的需要;门第观念的强化和家族利益的需要又促使其主动地学习和传承家学,从而区别于寒门士族并得以维护家族门第长盛不衰。正是特殊的社会环境和积极的学习心态以及独特的家学的传承家学家风造成了各家族文化的绚丽多姿,决定了各家族命运的盛衰。
在門閥政治佔統治地位的東晉時期,掀起瞭一箇門閥士族積極學習的高潮。在這短短的一百多年間,湧現齣大量的知名藝術傢,在不同學術和文藝領域卓有造詣,他們重視傢庭教育,重視藝術文化的傳承。前輩註意培養後代,後代也認真地學習前輩的藝術傳統,從而形成瞭頗具特色的傢學傳統。推究其因,東晉時期社會的暫時穩定和社會思潮的多元化,九品中正製對品、學的要求,都從客觀上要求士族積極地學習,提高纔學水準和品德脩養,擁有文化優勢,以適應社會的需要;門第觀唸的彊化和傢族利益的需要又促使其主動地學習和傳承傢學,從而區彆于寒門士族併得以維護傢族門第長盛不衰。正是特殊的社會環境和積極的學習心態以及獨特的傢學的傳承傢學傢風造成瞭各傢族文化的絢麗多姿,決定瞭各傢族命運的盛衰。
재문벌정치점통치지위적동진시기,흔기료일개문벌사족적겁학습적고조。재저단단적일백다년간,용현출대량적지명예술가,재불동학술화문예영역탁유조예,타문중시가정교육,중시예술문화적전승。전배주의배양후대,후대야인진지학습전배적예술전통,종이형성료파구특색적가학전통。추구기인,동진시기사회적잠시은정화사회사조적다원화,구품중정제대품、학적요구,도종객관상요구사족적겁지학습,제고재학수준화품덕수양,옹유문화우세,이괄응사회적수요;문제관념적강화화가족이익적수요우촉사기주동지학습화전승가학,종이구별우한문사족병득이유호가족문제장성불쇠。정시특수적사회배경화적겁적학습심태이급독특적가학적전승가학가풍조성료각가족문화적현려다자,결정료각가족명운적성쇠。
Under the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty(317-420 A.D.),the active learning atmosphere of the gentry peaked.Within this relatively short 100~200-year period,distinguished artists with accomplishments in various academic and artistic fields emerged in large numbers.These artists valued family education and culture inheritance.They paid due attention to educating next generation.As a result,a characteristic family-education tradition emerged.This phenomenon may be related to multiple factors: Objectively,the temporal stability and diverse social thoughts during the Eastern Jin Dynasty demanded the gentry to actively learning.The nine-grade-Zhongzheng system also needs officer of good learning and virtue.Subjectively,the strengthening parentage and the requirement of family interest forced them to voluntarily study and inherit family tradition with the aim to differentiate themselves from the poor family and maintain the dominant role of their family.It is this special social environment,proactive learning attitude,and unique family-education tradition that lead to diverse culture of each family and thus the fate of each family.