史学集刊
史學集刊
사학집간
Collected Papers of History Studies
2011年
2期
83~90
,共null页
英帝国 海外粮食公司 花生种植计划
英帝國 海外糧食公司 花生種植計劃
영제국 해외양식공사 화생충식계화
British Empire; Overseas Food Corporation; Groundnut Scheme
1947年,英国成立海外粮食公司,主要是为解决战后初年面临的经济困难,如食品短缺和美元荒。公司的主要任务是实施东非花生种植计划,该计划虽然一改再改,到50年代中期仍以失败告终。失败的重要原因是脱离了客观实际,特别是过分低估了清除灌木丛的难度。海外粮食公司的活动期正是世界范围内民族解放运动如火如荼的时期,英国的殖民统治受到严峻挑战,英属东非正在走向独立。这不能不说是英国海外粮食公司失败的重大时代背景。
1947年,英國成立海外糧食公司,主要是為解決戰後初年麵臨的經濟睏難,如食品短缺和美元荒。公司的主要任務是實施東非花生種植計劃,該計劃雖然一改再改,到50年代中期仍以失敗告終。失敗的重要原因是脫離瞭客觀實際,特彆是過分低估瞭清除灌木叢的難度。海外糧食公司的活動期正是世界範圍內民族解放運動如火如荼的時期,英國的殖民統治受到嚴峻挑戰,英屬東非正在走嚮獨立。這不能不說是英國海外糧食公司失敗的重大時代揹景。
1947년,영국성립해외양식공사,주요시위해결전후초년면림적경제곤난,여식품단결화미원황。공사적주요임무시실시동비화생충식계화,해계화수연일개재개,도50년대중기잉이실패고종。실패적중요원인시탈리료객관실제,특별시과분저고료청제관목총적난도。해외양식공사적활동기정시세계범위내민족해방운동여화여도적시기,영국적식민통치수도엄준도전,영속동비정재주향독립。저불능불설시영국해외양식공사실패적중대시대배경。
In 1947,Britain established the Overseas Food Corporation,mainly aiming to solve the postwar economic difficulties,such as the shortage of food and the lack of dollar.The chief task of the Corporation was to carry out the East African Groundnut Scheme,but the scheme,though modified frequently,came to end as a failure by the mid 1950s.The major reason for the failure was that it deviated from the local conditions and realities.Especially,the difficulty of clearing the bushes had been excessively underestimated.Meanwhile,the time of the existence of the Corporation was within the period which saw the upsurge of national liberation movement across the world,with British East Africa moving rapidly to independence.This was,of course,the wide background for the failure of the Corporation.
