CAJ | 학술논문

中国经济体制改革三十多年来，劳动力市场化的程度已经大大提高，以市场机制配置劳动力资源的体制已经基本确立。然而与此同时，各种劳资冲突和劳资纠纷问题也日益突出，劳动者、特别是进城农民工在劳资关系的弱势地位问题尤其受到关注。如果说在改革初期劳动者地位可能受制于劳动力产权残缺的状况，那么，当劳动力市场和劳动法律制度逐步成熟和完善时，劳动者地位则主要取于其实现劳动力产权的能力，即其劳动力产权强度。决定劳动力产权强度的因素主要来自三个维度：个人变量、结构变量以及制度变量。劳动者是异质性的，不同劳动者群体在劳动力产权三个维度上的强弱决定了不同的劳资关系类型——雇主管治型、雇主主导型、制度保护型、自我保护型和雇员主导型，以及不同的劳动者地位——完全弱势、弱势、受保护的弱势、受压制的弱势和强势。只有理顺最突出的农民工劳资关系问题，一个均衡和谐、劳资两利的中国劳资关系模式才可能真正建立起来，而且对中国经济可持续发展和平衡国民收入分配格局具有重要意义。
중국경제체제개혁삼십다년래，노동력시장화적정도이경대대제고，이시장궤제배치노동력자원적체제이경기본학립。연이여차동시，각충로자충돌화로자규분문제야일익돌출，노동자、특별시진성농민공재로자관계적약세지위문제우기수도관주。여과설재개혁초기노동자지위가능수제우노동력산권잔결적상황，나요，당노동력시장화노동법률제도축보성숙화완선시，노동자지위칙주요취우기실현노동력산권적능력，즉기노동력산권강도。결정노동력산권강도적인소주요래자삼개유도：개인변량、결구변량이급제도변량。노동자시이질성적，불동노동자군체재노동력산권삼개유도상적강약결정료불동적로자관계류형——고주관치형、고주주도형、제도보호형、자아보호형화고원주도형，이급불동적노동자지위——완전약세、약세、수보호적약세、수압제적약세화강세。지유리순최돌출적농민공로자관계문제，일개균형화해、로자량리적중국로자관계모식재가능진정건립기래，이차대중국경제가지속발전화평형국민수입분배격국구유중요의의。
The status of labor in industrial relations depends not only on the completeness of human capital property, but also generally on the strength of human capital property. This property strength consists of individual dimension, structural dimension and institutional and environmental dimension. The combination with different strength or weakness of labor property gives rise to different status of labor and types of Industrial relations. In current China the labor force, especially country workers, are weak in property strength of human capital so that a kind of employer--directed labor relations prevails. It is necessary for the government to take measures increasing human capital investment and reinforcing legal and institution protection for the weak labor force in order to build a harmonious and balanceable labor relation.