CAJ | 학술논문

根据中国农村＂准自耕农＂社会结构特点,基于非劳动禀赋的异质性,构建了一条向上倾斜的同质劳动供给曲线,以此解释中国同质非熟练劳动在向城市流动中实际工资缓慢上涨的现象。中国农村不同地区及同一地区的不同农户,单位劳动可资利用的非劳动禀赋存在广泛差异。即使劳动是同质的,单位劳动生产力及劳动收入也有很大差别。随着劳动需求在城市化、工业化进程中不断增加,农村劳动将沿着务农收入或保留工资由低到高的顺序向城市流动,劳动供给价格及务工均衡工资率不断上升。而且,随着拥有禀赋更少的劳动离开农村,继续务农的单位农村劳动拥有的禀赋及劳动收入也会相应增加。最终,同质劳动收入将在务工和务农、不同农户间相等时达到均衡,实现劳动的优化配置,劳动收入差别只来自劳动质量差别。
근거중국농촌＂준자경농＂사회결구특점,기우비노동품부적이질성,구건료일조향상경사적동질노동공급곡선,이차해석중국동질비숙련노동재향성시류동중실제공자완만상창적현상。중국농촌불동지구급동일지구적불동농호,단위노동가자이용적비노동품부존재엄범차이。즉사노동시동질적,단위노동생산력급노동수입야유흔대차별。수착노동수구재성시화、공업화진정중불단증가,농촌노동장연착무농수입혹보류공자유저도고적순서향성시류동,노동공급개격급무공균형공자솔불단상승。이차,수착옹유품부경소적노동리개농촌,계속무농적단위농촌노동옹유적품부급노동수입야회상응증가。최종,동질노동수입장재무공화무농、불동농호간상등시체도균형,실현노동적우화배치,노동수입차별지래자노동질량차별。
Based on the Chinese rural social structure of semi-small ownership landholding system,we construct an upward homogenous labor supply curve from the perspective of non-labor endowments,in which we can explain the rises of unskilled labor real wages during migration.There are numerous differences among endowments in different agricultural families in the same or different regions that each unit labor can use,which induces to differences in average product of labor and labor income despite of the homogenous labors.With the increasing demands of labors in the process of industrialization and urbanization,rural labors will migrate into industrial sectors along from low income to high income.Labors supply price and equilibrium wage rate will increase accordingly;and when labors with much less endowment leave the rural families,the labors who continue to be farmers will increase their endowments and agricultural income accordingly.In equilibrium,agricultural income of homogenous labors in different families will be the same as industrial wages,in which labors receive the optimal allocation,the differences in labor income will be due to heterogeneous human capital endowments.