上海体育学院学报
上海體育學院學報
상해체육학원학보
Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute
2011年
2期
61~65
,共null页
中国 男子跳远运动员 起跳环节 缓冲 蹬伸 表面肌电 肌肉 用力特征
中國 男子跳遠運動員 起跳環節 緩遲 蹬伸 錶麵肌電 肌肉 用力特徵
중국 남자도원운동원 기도배절 완충 등신 표면기전 기육 용력특정
China; male long-jumpers ; take-off phase; buffering; extending; surface electromyogram; muscle; exertion feature
通过表面肌电遥测和高速摄影同步测试，揭示优秀跳远运动员起跳环节肌肉用力特征。结果显示：在起跳环节中，股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股二头肌、比目鱼肌、腓肠肌是起跳腿的主要用力肌肉；在起跳腿即将着地前，所测肌肉均有较明显的预激活现象；着地后，肌肉用力的激活顺序依次为胫骨前肌、股二头肌与股内侧肌、股外侧肌、比目鱼肌、腓肠肌内侧头、股直肌、臀大肌：肌肉用力的失活顺序依次为胫骨前肌、股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌、臀大肌、腓肠肌、股二头肌、比目鱼肌；肌肉用力持续时间长短依次为股二头肌、比目鱼肌、股外侧肌、腓肠肌内侧头和股内侧肌、臀大肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌。起跳腿拮抗肌共同收缩的特征为：缓冲阶段踝关节拮抗肌共同收缩最强烈，而在蹬伸阶段膝关节拮抗肌共同收缩最强烈。
通過錶麵肌電遙測和高速攝影同步測試，揭示優秀跳遠運動員起跳環節肌肉用力特徵。結果顯示：在起跳環節中，股外側肌、股內側肌、股二頭肌、比目魚肌、腓腸肌是起跳腿的主要用力肌肉；在起跳腿即將著地前，所測肌肉均有較明顯的預激活現象；著地後，肌肉用力的激活順序依次為脛骨前肌、股二頭肌與股內側肌、股外側肌、比目魚肌、腓腸肌內側頭、股直肌、臀大肌：肌肉用力的失活順序依次為脛骨前肌、股直肌、股內側肌、股外側肌、臀大肌、腓腸肌、股二頭肌、比目魚肌；肌肉用力持續時間長短依次為股二頭肌、比目魚肌、股外側肌、腓腸肌內側頭和股內側肌、臀大肌、股直肌、脛骨前肌。起跳腿拮抗肌共同收縮的特徵為：緩遲階段踝關節拮抗肌共同收縮最彊烈，而在蹬伸階段膝關節拮抗肌共同收縮最彊烈。
통과표면기전요측화고속섭영동보측시，게시우수도원운동원기도배절기육용력특정。결과현시：재기도배절중，고외측기、고내측기、고이두기、비목어기、비장기시기도퇴적주요용력기육；재기도퇴즉장착지전，소측기육균유교명현적예격활현상；착지후，기육용력적격활순서의차위경골전기、고이두기여고내측기、고외측기、비목어기、비장기내측두、고직기、둔대기：기육용력적실활순서의차위경골전기、고직기、고내측기、고외측기、둔대기、비장기、고이두기、비목어기；기육용력지속시간장단의차위고이두기、비목어기、고외측기、비장기내측두화고내측기、둔대기、고직기、경골전기。기도퇴길항기공동수축적특정위：완충계단과관절길항기공동수축최강렬，이재등신계단슬관절길항기공동수축최강렬。
Through the synchronized surface electromyography telemetry and high-speed photography, the present paper explored the muscle exertion features of some elite long-jumpers during the take-off phase. The results showed that during the take-off phase, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, soleus, gastrocnemius were the major exerting muscles of the take-off leg. Just before the touchdown of the take-off leg, all the measured muscles showed obvious pre-activation phenomenon; after the touchdown, the exerting muscles ranked as follows according to time of exertion： tibialis anterior, biceps femoris and vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, soleus, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris and galuteus maximus. The inactivation sequence was as follows： tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, galuteus maximus, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and soleus. The duration of muscle exertion ranked from long to short as follows： biceps femoris, soleus, vastus lateralis, medial gastrocnemius and vastus medialis, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris and tibialis anterior. The features of the co-contraction of the antagonistic muscles in the take- off leg are： in the buffering phase, the co-contraction of the antagonistic muscles of the ankle joint was most intensive, while in the extending phase, the co-contraction of the antagonistic muscles of the knee joint was most intensive.
