CAJ | 학술논문

规则空间模型是一种基于统计模式识别和分类的认知诊断方法,此方法可以根据被试的作答反应,分析诊断被试的认知属性掌握情况。以往智力测验只是报告测验分数,对被试能力解释较为简单,缺乏必要的认知诊断分析。本文根据瑞文标准推理测验的难度层级特点,分析其所包含属性及其连接关系,并运用规则空间模型将所有被试划分在48种典型反应模式中,而且大部分被试都会集在几个典型反应模式中。本文对这些典型反应模式进一步分析被试的认知状态,并为教育辅导与人员选拔安排提供建议。
규칙공간모형시일충기우통계모식식별화분류적인지진단방법,차방법가이근거피시적작답반응,분석진단피시적인지속성장악정황。이왕지력측험지시보고측험분수,대피시능력해석교위간단,결핍필요적인지진단분석。본문근거서문표준추리측험적난도층급특점,분석기소포함속성급기련접관계,병운용규칙공간모형장소유피시화분재48충전형반응모식중,이차대부분피시도회집재궤개전형반응모식중。본문대저사전형반응모식진일보분석피시적인지상태,병위교육보도여인원선발안배제공건의。
The cognitive diagnosis theory,which combines cognitive psychology and psychometrics and diagnoses the cognitive structure and cognitive processes of test-takers with modern statistical methods,is the theory for the New Generation of Test.With more and more attention paid to this theory,many cognitive diagnosis models have been developed.Rule Space Model（RSM）,which was proposed by Japanese-American scholar Tatsuoka,is one of those famous models.With the development and application of recognition and classification techniques of statistical pattern,RSM infers test-takers＇ response rules from their actual response patterns,classifies them into different attribute-mastery patterns which describe their knowledge structures. Raven＇s Standard Progressive Matrices（R.SPM） has been proved to be one of the excellent intelligence tests,which still plays an important role in practice.Previous studies mainly focused on the application of R.SPM,such as reliability,validity,item difficulty and item discrimination.However,most of these researches were based on the Classic Test Theory（CTT）.Studies on its structure were very few.Based on the characteristics of the increasing difficulty level,the current study investigated the attributes of R.SPM with the hypothesis that R.SPM is made up of 10 attributes and those which belong to the same series are conjunctively relative.We used RSM to diagnose more than 800 test-takers,and ultimately got 76 ideal response patterns,which means one can category these test-takers into 76 typical response patterns.Moreover,we also identified the test-takers＇ real responses. Cognitive diagnosis analysis with the method of RSM showed that 78.54% of the test-takers＇ cognitive statuses were mainly concentrated in seven attribute-mastery models.Many test-takers were poor at the combination of transitions,the combination of Latin square,and the combination of addition and subtraction.24.70% of the test-takers acquired the 72nd typical response patterns（1111111110）,which represent the acquisition of the first nine properties and lack of the combination of addition and subtraction.23.86% of the test-takers acquired the 65th typical response patterns（1111111010）,which show that the test-takers acquire eight properties and do not acquire the other two attributes—the combination of addition and subtraction and the combination of Latin square.The test-takers who obtained 52nd,54th and 64th typical response patterns were all in lack of the same couple of attributes,i.e.the combination of addition and subtraction and the combination of Latin square. The current study revealed the following advantages of Rule Space Model.First,it can evaluate the overall attribute-mastery patterns of the participants and obtain the information of the majority.Second,it helps to obtain qualitative differences of participants＇ cognitive status objectively.Third,according to individuals＇ mastery patterns,educators can make quantitative evaluation more objectively and take appropriate remedial measures.