CAJ | 학술논문

采用词类判断任务,考察汉语单字词的习得年龄对词类信息加工的影响。实验材料采用了习得年龄不同的名词和动词,结果显示,汉字习得年龄对词类判断的反应时有显著的预测作用。研究结果表明,汉字习得年龄影响汉字词类信息的提取,即早期习得的汉字被试更容易提取其词类信息;研究结果从新的角度支持了任意映射假设对词汇习得年龄效应的解释。
채용사류판단임무,고찰한어단자사적습득년령대사류신식가공적영향。실험재료채용료습득년령불동적명사화동사,결과현시,한자습득년령대사류판단적반응시유현저적예측작용。연구결과표명,한자습득년령영향한자사류신식적제취,즉조기습득적한자피시경용역제취기사류신식;연구결과종신적각도지지료임의영사가설대사회습득년령효응적해석。
Age of acquisition（AoA） is an important variable that has recently drawn considerable attention as a determinant of lexical processing.Words that are acquired earlier in childhood are processed more quickly or accurately than words that are acquired later in life.Many researchers want to ascertain the locus of AoA effects.Over the past 3 decades,many tasks have been used to study AoA effects.There are growing evidence that AoA effects reside in the processes of recognizing the orthography,generating the phonology,and accessing the meaning of a word.It is well known that the information of a word comprises not only the information of orthography,phonology and meaning,but also the grammatical category（such as noun,verb,etc.）.However,few researches have been done to investigate whether the age-of-acquisition of a word affect the information processing of the grammatical category.Therefore,the present study used a grammatical-category-judgment task to investigate the age-of-acquisition effects.According to Arbitrary Mapping Hypothesis, AoA effects should also be found in this type of task. Regression analysis and a grammatical-category-judgment task were used in this research.Thirty-two college students took part in this experiment.They were asked to decide whether a word was a noun or a verb by pressing F or J on the keyboard.The materials contained a larger set of 258 target words（163 nouns and 95 verbs） and were all Chinese single-character words.68 single-character verbs were used as fillers to balance the number of nouns and verbs.All the target words were labeled with single grammatical category（noun or verb） in Modern Chinese Dictionary（2005）. The age-of-acquisition,familiarity,concreteness and grammatical category ambiguity were rated by 30 college students who didn＇t take part in the experiment.The written frequency and the number of strokes per character were based on the Dictionary of Chinese Character Information（1988）. In the stepwise regression,AoA,frequency,number of strokes,familiarity,concreteness and grammatical category ambiguity were all used as predictable variables.The reaction time of grammatical-category-judgment tasks was the dependent variable.The results showed that the reaction time can be significantly predicted by the age of acquisition of words.The independent predictability of AoA remained significant even when the contribution of other variables had been controlled in hierarchical regression.In addition,the predictabilities of AoA in nouns and verbs had no significant difference. Based on these findings,we concluded that the age of acquisition of Chinese characters affects the retrieval of words＇ grammatical category information;it is easier to access the grammatical category information of early-acquired words than that of late-acquired words.The results support Arbitrary Mapping Hypothesis from a new point of view.