CAJ | 학술논문

近年来,对汉语儿童的英语语音意识进行的研究,取得了很多有价值的研究成果,但对方言儿童的汉语语音意识的研究很少。汉语是一种具有众多方言的独特语言,许多方言和标准语的语言体系有着显著差异。具有方言和普通话早期经验的双语儿童在汉语语音意识上是否存在优势,有两种不同的看法：一是从心理语言学层面上,母语学习中获得的语言能力或普遍语法可以促进第二语言的学习;二是从语言学层面上来讲,母语对第二语言的学习存在干扰作用。那么双语儿童在汉语语音意识上比单一普通话儿童是否存在优势呢？本研究将进行调查。实验选取72名4岁、5岁和6岁学前儿童为被试,每个年龄组各24人,其中沪语儿童和单一普通话儿童各12名。采用听觉呈现方法对所选被试进行汉语语音意识水平的测试,包括声调意识、声母意识和韵母意识三部分,并收集儿童的口语资料。结果表明：虽然沪语儿童声母意识和韵母意识主效应不显著,但沪语儿童语音意识总成绩和声调意识成绩均比单一普通话儿童高;沪语儿童汉语语音意识优势不受年龄的影响。本研究启示是,上海地区学前儿童学习标准语（普通话）之外应鼓励使用沪语。
근년래,대한어인동적영어어음의식진행적연구,취득료흔다유개치적연구성과,단대방언인동적한어어음의식적연구흔소。한어시일충구유음다방언적독특어언,허다방언화표준어적어언체계유착현저차이。구유방언화보통화조기경험적쌍어인동재한어어음의식상시부존재우세,유량충불동적간법：일시종심리어언학층면상,모어학습중획득적어언능력혹보편어법가이촉진제이어언적학습;이시종어언학층면상래강,모어대제이어언적학습존재간우작용。나요쌍어인동재한어어음의식상비단일보통화인동시부존재우세니？본연구장진행조사。실험선취72명4세、5세화6세학전인동위피시,매개년령조각24인,기중호어인동화단일보통화인동각12명。채용은각정현방법대소선피시진행한어어음의식수평적측시,포괄성조의식、성모의식화운모의식삼부분,병수집인동적구어자료。결과표명：수연호어인동성모의식화운모의식주효응불현저,단호어인동어음의식총성적화성조의식성적균비단일보통화인동고;호어인동한어어음의식우세불수년령적영향。본연구계시시,상해지구학전인동학습표준어（보통화）지외응고려사용호어。
Researches about the English phonological awareness of Chinese children have yielded many valuable results.However,the research on Chinese phonological awareness of dialect-speaking children is rare.Chinese is unique in having many dialects,and there are significant differences between dialects and the standard language.Whether bilingual children with the experience of dialect and putonghua has more advantages in phonological awareness has been a controversial question.From the view of psychological linguistics,the gift of tongues or universal grammar acquired during the study of the native language can promote second language learning;However,from the linguistics view,the native language interferes with second language learning.Bilingual children who have the experience of dialect and putonghua have more advantages in Chinese phonological awareness than the children who speak putonghua only.With these views in mind we started our investigation.72 children（aged 4-6） took part in the experiment.There were 24 persons in each group,including 12 Shanghai dialect children and 12 children who spoke putonghua only.The Chinese phonological awareness of the subjects was tested during this experiment,and the information of their spoken language was collected with the method of hearing presentation.The test of phonological awareness consisted of syllable awareness,onset-rhyme awareness and phoneme awareness.Because the Chinese language is a kind of tonal language,and tune awareness is special,the task of tonal awareness was added to the experiment.The results show： the Chinese phonological awareness and tone awareness of Shanghai-dialect-speaking children are better than those of the who spoke putonghua only,although there was no significanf difference between Shanghai-dialect-speaking children and ＂putonghua only＂ in the initial awareness and final awareness;and the bilingual children＇s advantage was not affected by age.The research indicates that preschool children in Shanghai not only need to learn putonghua but also need to be encouraged to speak Shanghai dialect.