CAJ | 학술논문

和其他很多极简主义小说家的作品一样，雷蒙·卡佛多数短篇小说的结尾都具有不确定性。本文借用叙事学的“故事／话语”之分析法，将卡佛创作的65篇小说的结尾分为三类，即“故事”不确定但“话语”确定的结尾、“故事”确定但“话语”不确定的结尾，以及“故事”和“话语”都不确定的结尾。笔者认为三类结尾各自确立了读者与卡佛的交流方式：在第一类结尾中，读者虽然不知道冲突最终如何解决，但已经能对小说世界做出明确的判断；在第二类结尾中，冲突表面上得到了解决，但读者却难以清楚判断小说世界的意义；在第三类结尾中，读者被抛弃在本体无法确定的小说世界中，无法对该世界中的人物或事件做出明晰的价值判断。
화기타흔다겁간주의소설가적작품일양，뢰몽·잡불다수단편소설적결미도구유불학정성。본문차용서사학적“고사／화어”지분석법，장잡불창작적65편소설적결미분위삼류，즉“고사”불학정단“화어”학정적결미、“고사”학정단“화어”불학정적결미，이급“고사”화“화어”도불학정적결미。필자인위삼류결미각자학립료독자여잡불적교류방식：재제일류결미중，독자수연불지도충돌최종여하해결，단이경능대소설세계주출명학적판단；재제이류결미중，충돌표면상득도료해결，단독자각난이청초판단소설세계적의의；재제삼류결미중，독자피포기재본체무법학정적소설세계중，무법대해세계중적인물혹사건주출명석적개치판단。
Like many other ＂Minimalist＂ fiction, most of the 65 short stories produced by Raymond Carver are indeterminate in ending. Borrowing Narratological distinction of ＂story＂ and ＂discourse＂, we can identify three types of ＂indeterminate＂ ending in Carver＇s fiction, namely, the ending indeterminate at the ＂story＂ level but determinate at the ＂discourse＂ level, the ending determinate at the ＂story＂ level but indeterminate at the ＂discourse＂ level, and finally, the ending indeterminate at both the ＂story＂ level and ＂discourse＂ level. We hold that these three types of ending, in their own manners, establish the way Carver communicates with his readers： the first type does not enable the reader to know how the conflict is eventually re- solved, but enables him/her to make clear judgments about the fictional world. The reader in the second type of ending, faced with an apparently resolved conflict, does not know for sure how to make out the meaning of the fictional world. In the third type of ending, the reader is positioned in a fictional world whose ontological status is indeterminable and is therefore not able to pass any value judgment onto the characters and events in the world.