CAJ | 학술논문

情绪性刺激的加工是否受注意影响目前尚存争论。基于许多操纵空间注意焦点的研究未能在注意资源的分配上进行精确的调节,本实验将时间维度的注意瞬脱范式与负载理论相结合,通过调节注意瞬脱中T1刺激物知觉负载水平的高低（箭头朝向相同与否）,观察被试在四种时间延迟条件下（延迟2,延迟3,延迟5,延迟8）T2目标侦测任务恐惧和中性面孔的反应正确率,从而对情绪性刺激的加工特征进行研究。实验发现：对恐惧面孔侦测的正确率在高知觉负载条件下显著降低,而中性面孔则不受知觉负载水平影响,并且这种高知觉负载对恐惧面孔加工的抑制作用仅发生在注意瞬脱中的短延迟条件下。说明在知觉加工资源和注意调节作用同时受限的情况下恐惧面孔的优势加工受到限制,提示情绪性刺激的加工与中性刺激相比消耗的加工资源较少,并依赖于注意的调控。
정서성자격적가공시부수주의영향목전상존쟁론。기우허다조종공간주의초점적연구미능재주의자원적분배상진행정학적조절,본실험장시간유도적주의순탈범식여부재이론상결합,통과조절주의순탈중T1자격물지각부재수평적고저（전두조향상동여부）,관찰피시재사충시간연지조건하（연지2,연지3,연지5,연지8）T2목표정측임무공구화중성면공적반응정학솔,종이대정서성자격적가공특정진행연구。실험발현：대공구면공정측적정학솔재고지각부재조건하현저강저,이중성면공칙불수지각부재수평영향,병차저충고지각부재대공구면공가공적억제작용부발생재주의순탈중적단연지조건하。설명재지각가공자원화주의조절작용동시수한적정황하공구면공적우세가공수도한제,제시정서성자격적가공여중성자격상비소모적가공자원교소,병의뢰우주의적조공。
The processing of emotion-laden stimuli is often proposed to take place in a prioritized and obligatory fashion. The evidences from both electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies in which the spatial focus of attention is explicitly manipulated have showed controversial results on the subject of whether attention is required for emotional stimuli processing. Although this issue can be partially reconciled by adapting the concept of attentional load, the manipulation of attentional resources may not be subtle enough to effectively restrain the privileged processing of emotional stimuli. The present study is aim to further investigate the mechanism of emotion processing by combining the Load Theory and attentional blink （AB） paradigm. We hypothesize that in attentional blink paradigm the prioritized processing of emotional T2 stimuli may be suppressed by the double limitation of increased T1 perceptual load and short latency of T1-T2 interval. In present study, each trial consisted of a first target （T1, a scrambled face colored in green） and a second target （T2, either a fearful or a neutral face） embedded in a rapid series visual presentation （RSVP） of 18 scrambled faces. The Eriksen flanker task was used to distinguish the level of T1 perceptual load in which the participants were asked to determine the orientation of central arrow between other 4 congruent （low-load condition） or incongruent （high-load condition） arrows. All 20 items were presented for 67ms on the black background of computer screen and immediately followed by sequential items. The possible intervals between T1 and T2 were Lag-2 （SOA 134ms）, Lag-3 （SOA 201ms）, Lag-5 （SOA 335ms） and Lag-8 （SOA 536ms）. 30 undergraduate and graduate students were instructed to make the identification response to the central arrow of the only green item （left or right） and the detection response to the other target face with intact features （present or absent）. T1 load conditions were separately presented in two blocks and the order of these two blocks was counterbalanced across the participants. The T1 identification accuracy and the T2 detection accuracy in all conditions were recorded respectively. The analysis of behavioral data revealed that for low-load conditions, fearful faces were detected more often than neutral faces, therefore replicating previous reports of the privileged emotion processing in AB. However, this advantage was hampered significantly in the high-load condition and the detection of neutral faces was not affected by the increased T1 load, suggesting that the privileged access of fearful faces to awareness is more sensitive to the current available processing resources. Most importantly, the attenuated emotional impact in AB was merely observed in the condition of high T1-load and short T1-T2 lag, indicated that the prioritization of emotion-laden stimuli processing are restricted by both the depletion of attentional resources induced by T1 perceptual load and the ineffective modulation of positive attentional set mechanism toward emotional stimuli. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that faces with emotional expressions are not a category of objects which immune to the effects of attention. Instead, the processing of emotional stimuli such as facial expression depends on the available attentional resources and is modulated by attentional control.