CAJ | 학술논문

民国是一个多灾多难的时期,处于社会低层的农户经常受到战争、自然灾害、瘟疫等因素的冲击,面临着频繁的生活风险。在民国时期,包括现代社会保障和商业保险在内的正规机制风险应对机制在农户应对风险过程中所发挥的作用极为有限,农户应对风险的主要方式是社会网络内的风险统筹和跨时期消费平滑机制中的民间高利息贷款。依赖社会网络和民间借贷市场来应对风险有很大的局限性。亲友网络的规模是有限的,这决定了其在应对风险方面作用的有限性;民间高利率贷款则是一种高成本的风险应对方式。所以,民国时期农户的风险应对能力总体非常低下。在这种情况下,频繁的风险冲击使农户经常处于生存的边缘。
민국시일개다재다난적시기,처우사회저층적농호경상수도전쟁、자연재해、온역등인소적충격,면림착빈번적생활풍험。재민국시기,포괄현대사회보장화상업보험재내적정규궤제풍험응대궤제재농호응대풍험과정중소발휘적작용겁위유한,농호응대풍험적주요방식시사회망락내적풍험통주화과시기소비평활궤제중적민간고이식대관。의뢰사회망락화민간차대시장래응대풍험유흔대적국한성。친우망락적규모시유한적,저결정료기재응대풍험방면작용적유한성;민간고리솔대관칙시일충고성본적풍험응대방식。소이,민국시기농호적풍험응대능력총체비상저하。재저충정황하,빈번적풍험충격사농호경상처우생존적변연。
During the troubled period of the Republic of China,farmers lived in low social level and faced frequent risks because of the impact of war,natural disasters,epidemics and other factors.In short,in the Republic of China,risk coping mechanisms,including modern social security system and commercial risk insurance,are very limited,and the main way for farmers to deal with risk is the social networks within the period of co-ordination and inter-period private consumption smoothing mechanism in high-interest loans,but relying on social networks and addressing the risk of private lending market have great limitations.Friend circle and family size of the network is limited,which determines its role in addressing the limited nature of the risk;high-interest private loans are a cost of risk coping.Therefore,the rural households＇ overall response capacity to risk is very low.In this case,the frequent shocks make farmers often live at the brink of survival.