环球法律评论
環毬法律評論
배구법률평론
Global Law Review
2011年
3期
92~98
,共null页
秘密审查制度 信息公开诉讼 国家秘密 谨慎
祕密審查製度 信息公開訴訟 國傢祕密 謹慎
비밀심사제도 신식공개소송 국가비밀 근신
美国政府信息公开诉讼中，法院对行政机关保密的文件可进行秘密审查。但对涉及国家秘密的文件，法院则经历了从不审查到谨慎审查的变化。尽管秘密审查的适用范围在不断扩大，但法院自律克制的态度却始终如一。法院在保留最终审查权的前提下，以示弱放权的姿态，换取了更少精力的投入和行政机关更大程度的配合，促进了政府信息的公开，保护了公众的知情权。
美國政府信息公開訴訟中，法院對行政機關保密的文件可進行祕密審查。但對涉及國傢祕密的文件，法院則經歷瞭從不審查到謹慎審查的變化。儘管祕密審查的適用範圍在不斷擴大，但法院自律剋製的態度卻始終如一。法院在保留最終審查權的前提下，以示弱放權的姿態，換取瞭更少精力的投入和行政機關更大程度的配閤，促進瞭政府信息的公開，保護瞭公衆的知情權。
미국정부신식공개소송중，법원대행정궤관보밀적문건가진행비밀심사。단대섭급국가비밀적문건，법원칙경력료종불심사도근신심사적변화。진관비밀심사적괄용범위재불단확대，단법원자률극제적태도각시종여일。법원재보류최종심사권적전제하，이시약방권적자태，환취료경소정력적투입화행정궤관경대정도적배합，촉진료정부신식적공개，보호료공음적지정권。
In American FOIA litigations, the court may conduct in camera review in relation to classified documents held by administrative agencies. However, with regard to documents pertaining to state secrets, such as national defence and foreign affairs, the court has changed its position from no review to cautious review. Although the scope of in camera review is expanding increasingly, the court has all along exercised great restraint in cases related to national defence or diplomatic relations. By showing respect and practicing devolution towards administrative agencies on the premise of maintaining the final power of judicial review, the court has gained administrative agencies＇ corporation to a greater extent, promoted disclosure of government information and protected access to information by the public more effectively.
