CAJ | 학술논문

性别角色代表个人的社会性别，对个人乃至整个民族素质的发展有重要意义。随着时代的变化，当代大学生的性别角色观与性别角色也发生着变化。由于已有的性别角色测量工具多年来没有修订，因此，对当代大学生性别角色的测量亟需一个对发展变化敏感的有效测量工具。本研究根据性别角色研究的通行原则，基于1700个相关词汇，筛选出男女正性词各35个，中性词20个。在386名大学生中初测结果显示，男性化量表（16个题目）含领导力、男子气、理性、大度四个因子，体现出男性的“工具性”特质；女性化量表（16个题目）含同理心、女子气、勤俭心细三个因子，反映出女性的“表达性”特质；中性化量表则有18个题目。之后在全国5008名大学生中的复测表明，该男性化量表内部一致性系数为0．89，女性化量表为0．84；两个量表的重测信度分别为O．82和0．80；验证性因素分析显示该量表的结构效度良好，他评效度和专家效度较高。与已有性别角色量表比较，构成本量表的词汇有较大变化：男性化词汇体现的“理性化”特质反映出当代中国男性的特点；女性化词汇虽仍以“表达性”特质为主，但也体现了中国传统“勤俭心细”的特征。大样本调查发现，当代大学生性别角色双性化、未分化和单性化群体数量各占约三分之一；传统占优势的单性化已让位于非单性化；理想的双性化与最差的未分化同步增长；男性化比例男性高于女性，女性化比例女性高于男性，传统性别角色的影响减弱但依然存在。
성별각색대표개인적사회성별，대개인내지정개민족소질적발전유중요의의。수착시대적변화，당대대학생적성별각색관여성별각색야발생착변화。유우이유적성별각색측량공구다년래몰유수정，인차，대당대대학생성별각색적측량극수일개대발전변화민감적유효측량공구。본연구근거성별각색연구적통행원칙，기우1700개상관사회，사선출남녀정성사각35개，중성사20개。재386명대학생중초측결과현시，남성화량표（16개제목）함령도력、남자기、이성、대도사개인자，체현출남성적“공구성”특질；녀성화량표（16개제목）함동리심、녀자기、근검심세삼개인자，반영출녀성적“표체성”특질；중성화량표칙유18개제목。지후재전국5008명대학생중적복측표명，해남성화량표내부일치성계수위0．89，녀성화량표위0．84；량개량표적중측신도분별위O．82화0．80；험증성인소분석현시해량표적결구효도량호，타평효도화전가효도교고。여이유성별각색량표비교，구성본량표적사회유교대변화：남성화사회체현적“이성화”특질반영출당대중국남성적특점；녀성화사회수잉이“표체성”특질위주，단야체현료중국전통“근검심세”적특정。대양본조사발현，당대대학생성별각색쌍성화、미분화화단성화군체수량각점약삼분지일；전통점우세적단성화이양위우비단성화；이상적쌍성화여최차적미분화동보증장；남성화비례남성고우녀성，녀성화비례녀성고우남성，전통성별각색적영향감약단의연존재。
As a part of acquired social gender, sex role not only plays an important role in the development of individuals, but also influences the evolution of national characteristics. Since the sex-role ideology among Chinese college students is undergoing great changes along with the developing society, existing sex role scales may not be suitable for tapping such changes any longer. In the present study we developed a new sex role inventory for Chinese college students and examined the changes of sex-role ideology among Chinese college students. Following standard procedures, a scale was developed by selecting 90 sex role- indicated words （35 positive words on masculinity, 35 positive words on femininity, and 20 neutral words） from 1700 relevant words, which was then tested on 351 college students （179 males, 172 females）. After item discrimination analysis and exploratory factor analysis on the initial results, 50 items in the scale were retained to constitute three subscales. The Masculinity Subscale includes 16 items and four factors： leadership, masculinity, rationality, and generosity. The Femininity Subscale includes 16 items and three factors： empathy, femininity, thrift and careful. The Neutral Subscale includes 18 items. Further, a sample of 5008 college students （2280 males, 2728 females） was selected for reexamination of the 50-item scale. 5% random subsample （106 males, 127 females） from the 5008 dataset was analyzed with Confirmatory factor analysis （CFA）. The results successfully replicated the factor structure identified above and the fit indices indicated a satisfactory goodness-of-fit. The Cronbach＇s alpha coefficients of the Masculinity and the Femininity subscales were 0.89 and 0.84, respectively. The retest reliability were 0.82 （M） and 0.80 （F）. Demonstrative validity and expert validity were also satisfactory. The vocabulary in this new 50-item sex role inventory for Chinese college students （CSRI-50） differs substantially from other existing sex role scales： Chinese man is characteristic of the trait of rationality; Chinese women is characteristic of the trait of expression, as well as some traditional Chinese traits such as thrift, industrious and careful. Within the subsample, the proportion of Androgynous, Undifferentiated, and traditional sex role （including both of the Masculinity and Femininity） are about one third respectively. Comparing to previous studies, males showed weaker Masculinity traits, and females showed weaker Femininity traits, while the Androgynous and the Undifferentiated increased proportionally. However, the proportion of Masculinity among males was higher than that among females, and the proportion of Femininity among females was higher than that in males, indicating the continuing influence of the traditional culture.