CAJ | 학술논문

改革开放以来，中国的制造业空间格局发生了显著的重构。本文基于中国省区尺度的制造业数据，描述了改革开放以来到2008年期间的中国制造业的空间集聚的变化趋势和特征。总体上，现阶段中国的制造业地理集聚程度较高，主要集聚在东部沿海地区。然而中国制造业地理集聚存在显著的产业差异，依赖于特定自然资源投入的产业，地理集聚程度相对较低，而依赖大量中间产品投入的资本技术密集型产业的地理集聚度则较高。劳动密集型产业由于是外资主导并且以出口为主，高度集中在沿海省区。中国的产业集聚变化趋势具有明显的阶段性特征，从上个世纪90年代初开始，产业地理集聚程度上升进入了加速期，地理集聚程度在2004年左右达到顶峰。本文回顾了中国产业地理集聚的理论和实证研究，传统的贸易理论、新经济地理学理论和集聚经济理论是理解中国的产集聚的重要视角，但中国转型经济的特殊制度环境下，市场化、全球化和地方分权对中国制造业集聚和分散具有显著影响。随着中国经济转型的深化及其在全球经济体中地位的调整，全球力量与地方力量的相互作用将不断重塑中国的制造业地理格局。
개혁개방이래，중국적제조업공간격국발생료현저적중구。본문기우중국성구척도적제조업수거，묘술료개혁개방이래도2008년기간적중국제조업적공간집취적변화추세화특정。총체상，현계단중국적제조업지리집취정도교고，주요집취재동부연해지구。연이중국제조업지리집취존재현저적산업차이，의뢰우특정자연자원투입적산업，지리집취정도상대교저，이의뢰대량중간산품투입적자본기술밀집형산업적지리집취도칙교고。노동밀집형산업유우시외자주도병차이출구위주，고도집중재연해성구。중국적산업집취변화추세구유명현적계단성특정，종상개세기90년대초개시，산업지리집취정도상승진입료가속기，지리집취정도재2004년좌우체도정봉。본문회고료중국산업지리집취적이론화실증연구，전통적무역이론、신경제지이학이론화집취경제이론시리해중국적산집취적중요시각，단중국전형경제적특수제도배경하，시장화、전구화화지방분권대중국제조업집취화분산구유현저영향。수착중국경제전형적심화급기재전구경제체중지위적조정，전구역량여지방역량적상호작용장불단중소중국적제조업지리격국。
The spatial pattern of manufacturing sectors in China has been significantly reshaped since the late 1970s. Drawing on data of manufacturing sectors at provincial level, this study analyzes the geographical agglomeration of manufacturing industries in China during the period from 1980 to 2008. Generally, manufacturing industries are highly agglomerated in the coastal areas in China. However, there exist significant differences among varied industries. The industries that need a large amount of natural resources are more dispersed, while those capital intensive industries which need a lot of intermediate inputs are more agglomerated. The trend of becoming more agglomerated of manufacturing sectors started to speed up from the early 1990s and reached to the peak around 2004. According to the literature review, the theories of international trade, the new economic geography and agglomeration economy can explain the agglomeration of manufacturing industries in China. However, as a typical transitional economy, the processes of marketilization, globalization and regional discentralization have played very important roles in reshaping the spatial distribution of manufacturing sectors in China. The global and local forces will continue to influence the spatial pattern of manufacturing industries with the deepening of the reforms and China becoming more integrated to world economy.