CAJ | 학술논문

企业转型升级尚无明确定义，理论更处于探索中。从各国应对金融危机看，企业、政府、政治和市场是促成产业转型升级的关键。对此，本文以政治关系和市场化进程为纽带，研究了实现企业转型升级的外部环境。结果表明：从总体上看，企业政治关系对企业研发投入具有显著的促进作用，有助于企业转形升级；政治关系对研发的促进作用只在非国有控股企业中显著，产生的是诱导效应，在国有控股企业中不显著，产生的是替代效应，这反映出民企通过政治关系，对政府提出的企业转型升级更有热情，更能作出积极的反应；只有在市场化进程较快的地区，政治关系才对企业研发投入有显著的促进作用，这说明除政治关系和政治热情外，实现企业转型升级还需要强化市场化机制建设。
기업전형승급상무명학정의，이론경처우탐색중。종각국응대금융위궤간，기업、정부、정치화시장시촉성산업전형승급적관건。대차，본문이정치관계화시장화진정위뉴대，연구료실현기업전형승급적외부배경。결과표명：종총체상간，기업정치관계대기업연발투입구유현저적촉진작용，유조우기업전형승급；정치관계대연발적촉진작용지재비국유공고기업중현저，산생적시유도효응，재국유공고기업중불현저，산생적시체대효응，저반영출민기통과정치관계，대정부제출적기업전형승급경유열정，경능작출적겁적반응；지유재시장화진정교쾌적지구，정치관계재대기업연발투입유현저적촉진작용，저설명제정치관계화정치열정외，실현기업전형승급환수요강화시장화궤제건설。
Corporate transformation and upgrading face big challenges in the financial crisis. Enterprises, government, politics and the market have different functions and are integrated to facilitate corporate transformation and upgrading. This paper studies the external environment required for the transformation and upgrading from the perspective of political relations and marketization. The results show that political relations have a significant and positive role in enterprises＂ R＆D investment, beneficial to their transformation and upgrading. However, political relations play a significant role only in private enterprises, resulting in the incentive effect, not in state-own enterprises, resulting in a substitution effect. That indicates that private enterprises, guided by political relations, are more enthusiastic to the transformation and upgrading, very actively responding to the call of the government. In addition, only in the areas with rapid marketization, political relations has a significant and positive role in R＆D promotion, which implies that, apart from political relations and political enthusiasm, enterprises＂ transformation and upgrading need to strengthen market-oriented mechanisms.