中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2011年
8期
113~117
,共null页
中国 欧盟 碳泄漏
中國 歐盟 碳洩漏
중국 구맹 탄설루
China; European Union; carbon leakage
气候变化问题已被公认为是全球范围内可持续发展面临的最大威胁,碳泄漏问题是目前气候变化领域的一个热点问题。欧盟等以存在碳泄漏为由欲对非减排国家征收碳关税。在此背景下,本文对碳泄漏问题进行理论分析和实证研究。理论分析认为,碳泄漏有三个主要渠道:化石能源的国际贸易、碳密集型产品的国际贸易和能源密集型产业的国际转移,其中,碳密集型产品的国际贸易一直是争论的核心。在此基础上,本文从碳密集型产品的国际贸易角度对中国与欧盟之间碳泄漏问题进行了实证研究。本文选取钢铁、有色金属、水泥、化肥、玻璃和玻璃制品、纸张和纸制品六个碳密集型产业为研究对象,以中国与欧盟碳密集型产品的进出口比率作为指标,考察欧盟实施温室气体减排措施(1992年)以来该指标的变化趋势,以确定中国与欧盟之间是否发生了碳泄漏以及程度如何。研究结果表明,中国与欧盟之间可能并未发生碳泄漏,或者即使发生了碳泄漏,其程度也很微弱,不足以成为欧盟征收碳关税的理由。
氣候變化問題已被公認為是全毬範圍內可持續髮展麵臨的最大威脅,碳洩漏問題是目前氣候變化領域的一箇熱點問題。歐盟等以存在碳洩漏為由欲對非減排國傢徵收碳關稅。在此揹景下,本文對碳洩漏問題進行理論分析和實證研究。理論分析認為,碳洩漏有三箇主要渠道:化石能源的國際貿易、碳密集型產品的國際貿易和能源密集型產業的國際轉移,其中,碳密集型產品的國際貿易一直是爭論的覈心。在此基礎上,本文從碳密集型產品的國際貿易角度對中國與歐盟之間碳洩漏問題進行瞭實證研究。本文選取鋼鐵、有色金屬、水泥、化肥、玻璃和玻璃製品、紙張和紙製品六箇碳密集型產業為研究對象,以中國與歐盟碳密集型產品的進齣口比率作為指標,攷察歐盟實施溫室氣體減排措施(1992年)以來該指標的變化趨勢,以確定中國與歐盟之間是否髮生瞭碳洩漏以及程度如何。研究結果錶明,中國與歐盟之間可能併未髮生碳洩漏,或者即使髮生瞭碳洩漏,其程度也很微弱,不足以成為歐盟徵收碳關稅的理由。
기후변화문제이피공인위시전구범위내가지속발전면림적최대위협,탄설루문제시목전기후변화영역적일개열점문제。구맹등이존재탄설루위유욕대비감배국가정수탄관세。재차배경하,본문대탄설루문제진행이론분석화실증연구。이론분석인위,탄설루유삼개주요거도:화석능원적국제무역、탄밀집형산품적국제무역화능원밀집형산업적국제전이,기중,탄밀집형산품적국제무역일직시쟁론적핵심。재차기출상,본문종탄밀집형산품적국제무역각도대중국여구맹지간탄설루문제진행료실증연구。본문선취강철、유색금속、수니、화비、파리화파리제품、지장화지제품륙개탄밀집형산업위연구대상,이중국여구맹탄밀집형산품적진출구비솔작위지표,고찰구맹실시온실기체감배조시(1992년)이래해지표적변화추세,이학정중국여구맹지간시부발생료탄설루이급정도여하。연구결과표명,중국여구맹지간가능병미발생탄설루,혹자즉사발생료탄설루,기정도야흔미약,불족이성위구맹정수탄관세적이유。
Global climate change is the biggest challenge to sustainable development of the world,and the issue of carbon leakage is a hot topic in this area.European Union proposed to levy carbon tariff on imports from countries that don't cut greenhouse gases emission with the excuse of existence of carbon leakage.So this paper analyzes the issue of carbon leakage theoretically and empirically.From theoretical analysis,we know that carbon leakage could happen in three ways: international trade of fossil energy sources,international trade of carbon intensive products and FDI of energy intensive industries.Among these,international trade of carbon intensive products is the key concern.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this paper does an empirical study of carbon leakage from EU to China from the perspective of international trade of carbon intensive products.We choose six carbon intensive industries including iron and steel,non-ferrous metal,cement,chemical fertilizer,glass and glass products,paper and paper products,and use the import-export ratio of carbon intensive products between China and EU as indicator to examine whether carbon leakage from EU to China exists in reality and how strong it is.The result shows that there is no significant evidence of carbon leakage from EU to China,and even if carbon leakage exists,it is very weak.So carbon leakage is not a good excuse for EU to levy carbon tariff.