中国人口资源与环境
中國人口資源與環境
중국인구자원여배경
China Polulation.Resources and Environment
2011年
8期
118~123
,共null页
羊志洪 鞠美庭 周怡圃 王琦
羊誌洪 鞠美庭 週怡圃 王琦
양지홍 국미정 주이포 왕기
清洁发展机制 排放交易 核实减排量 “后京都时期” 碳交易市场
清潔髮展機製 排放交易 覈實減排量 “後京都時期” 碳交易市場
청길발전궤제 배방교역 핵실감배량 “후경도시기” 탄교역시장
CDM; emissions trading; CERs; ＂post-Kyoto period＂; carbon trading market
清洁发展机制是《京都议定书》创设的实现全球碳减排目标的三大灵活机制之一,为我国的可持续发展作出了重大贡献,但其在我国运行中存在的问题也对我国参与国际碳市场和构建国内碳市场带来了风险与障碍。针对于此,本文对中国清洁发展机制项目的类型、数量、注册、签发等情况进行对比,发现我国虽然项目众多,但发展极不平衡。在此基础上,分析了中国清洁发展机制存在的主要问题,包括法律保障机制缺失,项目减排潜力发挥不充分,缺乏对转让技术的科学评估等。然后,通过介绍国际碳排放交易市场发展的不确定性和在2012年＂后京都时期＂的发展趋势,揭示了中国在这一过程中所承担的项目投资减少、成本增加等市场风险以及＂碳泄漏＂等环境风险。针对上述问题和风险,本文提出以现有清洁发展机制经验为基础构建中国国内碳排放交易市场的基本思路,即建立以排放交易法律体系为基础,以自愿碳交易市场构建为起点,以完善的监督管理体系为保障的中国碳排放交易机制。
清潔髮展機製是《京都議定書》創設的實現全毬碳減排目標的三大靈活機製之一,為我國的可持續髮展作齣瞭重大貢獻,但其在我國運行中存在的問題也對我國參與國際碳市場和構建國內碳市場帶來瞭風險與障礙。針對于此,本文對中國清潔髮展機製項目的類型、數量、註冊、籤髮等情況進行對比,髮現我國雖然項目衆多,但髮展極不平衡。在此基礎上,分析瞭中國清潔髮展機製存在的主要問題,包括法律保障機製缺失,項目減排潛力髮揮不充分,缺乏對轉讓技術的科學評估等。然後,通過介紹國際碳排放交易市場髮展的不確定性和在2012年＂後京都時期＂的髮展趨勢,揭示瞭中國在這一過程中所承擔的項目投資減少、成本增加等市場風險以及＂碳洩漏＂等環境風險。針對上述問題和風險,本文提齣以現有清潔髮展機製經驗為基礎構建中國國內碳排放交易市場的基本思路,即建立以排放交易法律體繫為基礎,以自願碳交易市場構建為起點,以完善的鑑督管理體繫為保障的中國碳排放交易機製。
청길발전궤제시《경도의정서》창설적실현전구탄감배목표적삼대령활궤제지일,위아국적가지속발전작출료중대공헌,단기재아국운행중존재적문제야대아국삼여국제탄시장화구건국내탄시장대래료풍험여장애。침대우차,본문대중국청길발전궤제항목적류형、수량、주책、첨발등정황진행대비,발현아국수연항목음다,단발전겁불평형。재차기출상,분석료중국청길발전궤제존재적주요문제,포괄법률보장궤제결실,항목감배잠력발휘불충분,결핍대전양기술적과학평고등。연후,통과개소국제탄배방교역시장발전적불학정성화재2012년＂후경도시기＂적발전추세,게시료중국재저일과정중소승담적항목투자감소、성본증가등시장풍험이급＂탄설루＂등배경풍험。침대상술문제화풍험,본문제출이현유청길발전궤제경험위기출구건중국국내탄배방교역시장적기본사로,즉건립이배방교역법률체계위기출,이자원탄교역시장구건위기점,이완선적감독관리체계위보장적중국탄배방교역궤제。
The clean development mechanism（CDM） is one of the three ＂flexibility＂ mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol.The CDM has made an important contribution to the sustainable development in China;however,there are still many problems during the operation of CDM in China and this situation puts participation of China in the international carbon trading market and construction of domestic carbon trading market at risk.In light of this,this paper compares the types,amount,registration and issue of CDM projects in China,and then finds that the CDM projects are in large quantity,but the development of different types of projects is uneven.On this basis,we analyze the main problems of CDM in China,including the lack of legal system,insufficient potential of emission reduction and lack of scientific assessment of transferred technologies.Then,this paper represents the market risk arising from project investment reduction and cost increase and environmental risk arising from carbon leakage that China has to take through introducing the uncertainty of the development of global carbon trading market and developing trend of ＂post-Kyoto period＂.In light of the problems and risks,this paper proposes to constructa domestic carbon trading market on the basis of the existing experiences of CDM in China;the basic thinking is that the construction of China carbon trading mechanism should be based upon an emission trading legal system,starting from a voluntary trading market model and guaranteed by a perfect management and supervision system.
