CAJ | 학술논문

棉纺织业是近代以前中国最重要的工业。学者们将其描述为技术落后和经济低效，以长期的过密化作为18世纪中国棉纺织业发展的标志。而通过对中国最主要的棉布出口生产地——松江地区——棉纺织业进行考察，从而对上述观点提出质疑。18世纪，松江棉纺织品在国际市场上的成功不是廉价劳动力和低价原材料所致的结果，其成功取决于相对高水平的劳动生产率。19世纪以后，连同松江在内的江南地区经历了“道光萧条”、一系列的外国侵略与中国历史上最具破坏性的内战；来自外国的竞争也大大加强，由此导致了松江地区棉纺织业的衰落。一度高效、繁荣的家庭棉纺织品的原始工业的残迹，导致了黄宗智断言存在一个长期过密化的历史，当然，他所说的时代是错了。
면방직업시근대이전중국최중요적공업。학자문장기묘술위기술락후화경제저효，이장기적과밀화작위18세기중국면방직업발전적표지。이통과대중국최주요적면포출구생산지——송강지구——면방직업진행고찰，종이대상술관점제출질의。18세기，송강면방직품재국제시장상적성공불시렴개노동력화저개원재료소치적결과，기성공취결우상대고수평적노동생산솔。19세기이후，련동송강재내적강남지구경력료“도광소조”、일계렬적외국침략여중국역사상최구파배성적내전；래자외국적경쟁야대대가강，유차도치료송강지구면방직업적쇠락。일도고효、번영적가정면방직품적원시공업적잔적，도치료황종지단언존재일개장기과밀화적역사，당연，타소설적시대시착료。
The view that cotton textiles, China＇ s leading manufacturing industry, could be represented as technologically backward and economically inefficient, and that their development over the eighteenth century was marked by a process of long - run involution will be challenged in this paper by considering the case of the Songjiang area, China＇ s foremost production area for cotton cloth exports. In the eighteenth Century Songjiang＇ s success on international markets was not the result of cheap labour or of low raw material prices but depended on relatively high levels of labour productivity. Since the nineteenth Century, Songjiang, along with other parts of Jiangnan, experienced ＂Daoguang Depression＂ and a series of foreign invasions and the most destructive civil war in Chinese history. Foreign competition in overseas markets intensified greatly. So, the textile industry of Songjiang declined. These remnants of a once efficient and prosperous domestic, cotton textile proto - industry have led Philip Huang into postulating an anachronistic history of long - term involution.