CAJ | 학술논문

文章回顾了国内外倒置效应和专家技术的相关研究，并提出了目前在该研究领域中存在的分歧和争议。基于此，文章建议今后在研究中需要解决视觉差异、生理基础差异及认知模块的解剖和功能的定位等方面的问题，提出未来研究的方向。
문장회고료국내외도치효응화전가기술적상관연구，병제출료목전재해연구영역중존재적분기화쟁의。기우차，문장건의금후재연구중수요해결시각차이、생리기출차이급인지모괴적해부화공능적정위등방면적문제，제출미래연구적방향。
40 years ago, Yin found that the face inversion effect （FIE） could be considered as a face-specific processing. From then on, FIE has become an very important tool of cognitive research, and caused a great deal of cognitive research, which is still a hot and challenging topic because of unawareness of the mechanisms of the FIE in this field. It has been found in behavioral studies that cognition of faces is impaired considerably by inversion. With the development of event-related potential （ERP） technology, neuroscientists gradually found a similar phenomenon in the electrophysiological field, and researchers found a certain negative wave the latency of which was about 170 ms and was called the N17. This ccrmponent, the most prominent ERP negative deflection in the bilateral temporal occipital region, was considered to be correlated with face recognition, especially with the structural analysis of facial features, but regardless of gender, age, race or other independent factors. To sum up, N170, on behalf d the specificity of face recognition, reflects the structural coding of faces in the cognitive model of structure of code put forward by Bruce and Young. It could be shown that the inversion of faces significantly delayed the N170 peak latency and increased its amplitude regularly. Further more, a classic flVIRI study about human face identification on specific areas of the brain cortex was done by Kanwisher, and it was found in the study that the fusiform gyrus on the right side of the brain was strongly activated by faces （as opposed to objects）, so that the fusiform gyrus has an important role in face identification, which was called the Fusiform Face Area （FFA）. The core of the nervous system for this visual cortex consisted of three bilateral areas： the Fusiform Face Area （FFA）, Inferior Occipital / Posterior Fusiform Gyrus （OFA）, and the superior temporal sulcus （S＇TS）. Finally, Kanwisher considered the main function of FFA as the detection of faces rather than the recognition or identification of faces at the individual level. A core issue was put forward from face recognition： was there the existence of functional and neural mechanisms d face processing modules as an independent system and organization of face processing？ Although researchers have found the reaction of selective brain areas of faces （FFA）, other researchers maintain that there is no essential difference of cognition between faces and non-face objects, as in recognizing objects in relatively homogeneous categories, human beings, as experts, just complete the sub-categories identification at the expert level. Diamond and Carey made the three prerequisites necessary for IE： ① in certain types of stimulation, all stimuli have a common structure; ② in certain classes individual objects can be identified by the relationship between different components These components determine a common structure, which is also known as the relationship between characteristics of the second sequence; ③ subjects possess the expertise to recognize these different relationships and technical characteristics. The following study findings suggested that when any cognitive structure and a high degree of familiarity with a common stimulus type could be found in certain categories, IE might occur, which refuted the hypothesis that FIE should be considered as an evidence of face-specific cognitive processing. Accordingly in a series of subsequent studies new IEs, such as the scene upside down, the body upside down, were found. In addition, it has been reported that influences of acquired learning on FIE support the hypothesis of expertise.