CAJ | 학술논문

旨在考察心理韧性儿童与缺乏心理韧性儿童相比社会能力自我觉知特点,以探究社会能力自我觉知的心理韧性发展意蕴。利用量表法和内隐联结测验（IAT）,对经由汇聚操作法筛选出的99名心理韧性儿童和176名缺乏心理韧性儿童,分别测量社会能力外显自我觉知与内隐自我觉知,并从2个信息源多角度测量其实际社会能力。结果发现：心理韧性儿童比缺乏心理韧性儿童有更高水平的社会能力外显自我觉知,社会能力自我觉知与心理社会发展功能总体上存在极其显著的正向关联;心理韧性组儿童自我觉知的社会能力低于其实际社会能力但两者显著正相关,缺乏心理韧性组儿童自我觉知的社会能力接近于其实际社会能力但两者不存在显著相关,两组儿童自我觉知的社会能力与实际社会能力之差的差异极其显著;心理韧性儿童在内隐社会能力自我觉知测验不相容任务与相容任务上反应时之差显著大于缺乏心理韧性儿童。这提示,外显上谨慎一致的高水平社会能力自我觉知和内隐上更倾向于认为自己有能力或为心理韧性发展的主体性机制原因之一。
지재고찰심리인성인동여결핍심리인성인동상비사회능력자아각지특점,이탐구사회능력자아각지적심리인성발전의온。이용량표법화내은련결측험（IAT）,대경유회취조작법사선출적99명심리인성인동화176명결핍심리인성인동,분별측량사회능력외현자아각지여내은자아각지,병종2개신식원다각도측량기실제사회능력。결과발현：심리인성인동비결핍심리인성인동유경고수평적사회능력외현자아각지,사회능력자아각지여심리사회발전공능총체상존재겁기현저적정향관련;심리인성조인동자아각지적사회능력저우기실제사회능력단량자현저정상관,결핍심리인성조인동자아각지적사회능력접근우기실제사회능력단량자불존재현저상관,량조인동자아각지적사회능력여실제사회능력지차적차이겁기현저;심리인성인동재내은사회능력자아각지측험불상용임무여상용임무상반응시지차현저대우결핍심리인성인동。저제시,외현상근신일치적고수평사회능력자아각지화내은상경경향우인위자기유능력혹위심리인성발전적주체성궤제원인지일。
This study aims to 1） explore how resilient children perceive their social competence and self-efficacy in comparison with nonresilient ones,2） examine the difference in discrepancy between explicitly-perceived and real social competence between the two groups,and 3） unveil the group difference in implicitly-perceived social competence.A converging technique was used to assess the severity of stresses/adversities and multiple aspects of psychosocial functions in 523 primary and middle students（from grade 3 to 8）;99 and 176 children were identified as resilient and nonresilient,respectively.The children＇s explicitly-perceived social competence was measured by the Perceived Competence Scale for Children（PCSC） and the Self Efficacy Scale（SES）,their implicitly-perceived social competence by Implicit Associate Test（IAT）.Scores of real social competence were obtained by multi-information and multi-dimension methods.Descriptive statistics,（partial） correlation,Confirmatory Factor Analysis（CFA）,and（M）ANCOVA were adopted to compare the explicitly-and implicitly-perceived social competence,self-efficacy,explicitly-perceived and real social competence discrepancy in resilient children to their nonresilient counterparts.Results indicated that resilient children had higher total scores than nonresilient children both on PCSC（F（4,266）=4.58,p=0.001） and SES（F（2,270）=11.07,p0.001）,with significant group differences in PCSC＇s subscale of cognitive competence（F（1,269）=16.09,p0.001）,social competence（F（1,269）=4.06,p=0.045）,and general self-worth（F（1,269）=7.45,p=0.007）,as well as in SES＇s subscale of general self-efficacy（F（1,271）= 21.93,p0.001）,except physical competence subscale of PCSC（F（1,269）=0.53,p=0.468） and social self-efficacy subscale of SES（F（1,271）=1.76,p=0.185）.Children＇s explicitly-perceived social competence and psychosocial functions proved to be significantly intercorrelated（r=0.56,N=499,p0.001）.In addition,this study showed that nonresilient children tended to have perceived social competence close to（t（174）=0.68~1.33,p0.05）,but interestingly,statistically uncorrelated with（r=0.02~0.08,n=175,p0.05） their real social competence,while resilient children tended to perceive their social competence lower than（t（97）=-4.54~-3.11,p0.01） but positively correlated to（r=0.24~0.36,n=98,p0.05） their real social competence.Substantial differences were also found in the discrepancy of explicitly-perceived and real social competence（F（1,271）= 10.72~18.28,p≤0.001） and in that of incompatible and compatible IAT task response time（F（1,146）=4.41,p0.037） between the two groups.In conclusion,resilient children had higher perception of their social competence and self-efficacy in general than their nonresilient peers.The discrepancy between explicitly-perceived and real social competence differed between the two groups.Resilient children tended to perceive themselves as more competent than the nonresilient according to IAT.The characteristics of self-perception of social competence in resilient children and their implications for development of resilience were discussed.