CAJ | 학술논문

该文采用“篇章阅读”实验范式探索了归纳推理中前提类别和结论类别间相似性、结论类别标签属性对归纳推理的作用。90名大学生被试参加了3个实验。实验1结果表明，归纳推理受前提类别和结论类别之间相似性的影响，相似性越高归纳推理力度越强；实验2结果表明，归纳推理还受结论类别上位类别知识的影响，当类别属性和相似性冲突情况下，被试更倾向按照类别属性进行推理；实验3结果表明，归纳推理通达上位类别知识是一个主动建构的过程，即使是在类别标签不确定的情况下，被试仍然依赖类别标签进行推理。并初步提出了“归纳推理力度=两事物相似性×归类概率”模型设想。
해문채용“편장열독”실험범식탐색료귀납추리중전제유별화결론유별간상사성、결론유별표첨속성대귀납추리적작용。90명대학생피시삼가료3개실험。실험1결과표명，귀납추리수전제유별화결론유별지간상사성적영향，상사성월고귀납추리력도월강；실험2결과표명，귀납추리환수결론유별상위유별지식적영향，당유별속성화상사성충돌정황하，피시경경향안조유별속성진행추리；실험3결과표명，귀납추리통체상위유별지식시일개주동건구적과정，즉사시재유별표첨불학정적정황하，피시잉연의뢰유별표첨진행추리。병초보제출료“귀납추리력도=량사물상사성×귀류개솔”모형설상。
There are two kinds of theories in inductive reasoning： the Similarity-Coverage Model （SCM, Osherson 1990） and the Feature-Based Induction Model （FBIM, Sloman 1993）. They are based on the similarity between the base premise and the target premise. The SCM model of induction driven by two related notions, i.e. similarity and coverage, also assumes that judgments may be partially based on the similarity of the premise category to examples of the lowest level super-ordinate category that spans the premise and conclusion categories. Although parts of researchers think that FBIM relies on the notions of （feature） coverage, the central idea is that the similarity is driven by matching and mismatching features and that an argument is strong to the extent that the premise and conclusion categories share features. A distinctive property of FBIM is that it does not use category information in the sense that it does not consider different levels of categorization. Instead, it assumes that all categories are represented in terms of features and that strength of argument is based on feature overlap. Some researches suggest that a category label is just a specific feature of an item. Some find that category labels can be viewed as an integrator of information. This paper focused on whether upper-level category information affects inductive intension. By creating a story-reading paradigm, we used category labels to control upper-level category information to study the effects of category labels. We further explored the category information activated initiatively or passively. Three experiments were made to investigate the influence of feature similarity, category labels and uncertain category labels on inductive tension respectively. We adopted the One-Way-Within-Subjects design to implement the three experiments. Experiment 1 shows that people tend to choose features d high similarity between the base premise and the target prenaise in experiments. The result is consistent with the account of SCM and FBIM. Experiment 2 shows that people tend to chx~ features of category labels rather than features of high similarity. It suggests that a category label is not a specific features of an item. Experiment 3 shows that category information is activated initiatively. Even though replaced by uncertain labels, people still tend to choose features of category labels in the same way as in Experiment 2. The above results demonstrate that category labels tend to play an important role in inductive reasoning. Combining previous researches, we hypothesize that inductive intension relies on two quantities： feature similarity and categorization probability.