CAJ | 학술논문

军人心理素质在军人个体素质中处于核心层次，起着重要的中介作用。军人良好的心理素质是增强军队战斗力、打赢未来战争的重要保障。因此，军人心理素质研究作为军事心理学研究中一个重要的内容，近年来引起了研究者的广泛关注。我国军人心理素质研究主要集中在四个方面：（1）从品质、特质两个角度界定了军人心理素质概念；（2）从特殊岗位和普通岗位军人心理素质要求出发，采用质性和量性相结合的方法，建构了军人心理素质的成分和结构，建立了军人心理素质的量表、常模和评价标准；（3）通过大样本的调研，揭示了军人心理素质的军兵种、职别、军龄和教育程度等特点：即在不同军兵种上军人心理素质整体表现为空军〉海军〉陆军；在职别上表现出“军官〉士官〉士兵”；在军龄上表现为随军龄增加出现“升高-下降-升高”的波动变化趋势；在教育程度上表现为“大专〉高中或中技〉初中或以上〉本科以上”的特点。（4）通过教育实验，发现了军人心理素质训练能提高心理健康水平；促进形成优良的个性品质和自我和谐，运用合理的应对方式等。同时，本文还从军人心理素质的神经电生理标记、心理素质训练和发生机制等方面进行了展望，为军人心理素质的深入研究提供借鉴。
군인심리소질재군인개체소질중처우핵심층차，기착중요적중개작용。군인량호적심리소질시증강군대전두력、타영미래전쟁적중요보장。인차，군인심리소질연구작위군사심이학연구중일개중요적내용，근년래인기료연구자적엄범관주。아국군인심리소질연구주요집중재사개방면：（1）종품질、특질량개각도계정료군인심리소질개념；（2）종특수강위화보통강위군인심리소질요구출발，채용질성화량성상결합적방법，건구료군인심리소질적성분화결구，건립료군인심리소질적량표、상모화평개표준；（3）통과대양본적조연，게시료군인심리소질적군병충、직별、군령화교육정도등특점：즉재불동군병충상군인심리소질정체표현위공군〉해군〉륙군；재직별상표현출“군관〉사관〉사병”；재군령상표현위수군령증가출현“승고-하강-승고”적파동변화추세；재교육정도상표현위“대전〉고중혹중기〉초중혹이상〉본과이상”적특점。（4）통과교육실험，발현료군인심리소질훈련능제고심리건강수평；촉진형성우량적개성품질화자아화해，운용합리적응대방식등。동시，본문환종군인심리소질적신경전생리표기、심리소질훈련화발생궤제등방면진행료전망，위군인심리소질적심입연구제공차감。
Mental quality is the core of an armyman＇s individual quality, which plays an important intermediary and central role. Good mental quality has become an impotant guarantee for enhancing battle effectiveness and winnling victory in future wars. Studying arrn ymen＇ s mental quality would not only meet the need to strengthen the combat effectiveness, but also realize the important task of enriching the theoretical system of Martial Psychology and Quality Education and promoting the training and education of mental quality in the army. So in the recent years, more and more researchers fo~s on the studies of armymen＇s mental quality as one of the most important contents of military psychology in China. Researches mainly focus on four aspects：（1） The concepts and the characteristics of armymen＇s mental quality are defined. The term ＂armymen＇S mental quality＂ is the stable, basic, derivative, integrative mental character, which based on physiological condition, takes personality as its core, reflects fortitudinous ability, and comes into being through the interaction between the individual and the military-social environment. （2） By means d combining qualitative and quantitative factors, armymen＇s mental quality ingredients and structures are formed and the Armymen＇s Mental Quality Scale and its norm are also established in order to meet the requirements for certain army men＇s mental quality in special and general Ix~itions. The structure of armymen＇s mental quality includes 5 dimensions （concretely, 15 factors）： aptitude, loyalty, bravery, self-confidence and willpower y. The aptitude xs comprised of judgment, decision-making and response; loyalty consmts of patriotism, dedication and responsibility; bravery is composed of determination, steadiness and constancy; self-confidence is made up of imperturbation, independence and team spirit; willpower consists of adaptability, adjustment and endurance. （3） The results of a large sample survey reveal armymen＇s mental quality characteristics of armed branches, level of position, length of military service and educational backgound. The mental quality characteristic of different branches shows air force 〉 na 〉 land force. In different positions it shows military officer〉 sergeancy〉 soldier. And with the increase of military service, armymen＇s mental quality shows an up-down-up flunctuant trend. The mental quality characteristic of armymen with an educational backgound shows jumor college 〉 senior high school or technical school 〉 junior high school or above 〉 bachelor＇s degree or above. （4） Studies adopting educational experiment methods showed that mental quality training could promote mental health and help to form a good personality, selfharmony as well as a reasonable coping style. After mental quality training, the resolving question factor of the training group＇s armymen coping style were significantly higher than the control group＇s and the self-denial and avoidance factors of the training group＇s armymen coping style were significantly lower than the control group＇s. The resolving questions and help factors of the training group＇s soldiers coping style were significantly higher than the control group＇s and self-denial and avoidance factors of the training group＇s soldiers coping style were significantly lower than that of the control group. Rationalization and help factors of the training group＇s officers coping style were significantly higher than that of the control group and the fantasy factor of the training group＇s officers coping style were significantly lower than that Of the control group. We predicted the researching trends of armymen＇s mental quality, which will provide referential significance for intensive study.