重庆工商大学学报：社会科学版
重慶工商大學學報：社會科學版
중경공상대학학보：사회과학판
Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University Social Science Edition
2011年
5期
75~83
,共null页
侵权法 “侵害（trespass）”令状 严格责任 英美法系
侵權法 “侵害（trespass）”令狀 嚴格責任 英美法繫
침권법 “침해（trespass）”령상 엄격책임 영미법계
infringing law; trespass; strict responsibility; the law system of the United Kingdom and the United States
英美法上的＂侵害＂令状（trespass）经历了久远的发展历程。＂侵害＂令状不考虑加害人过错,实质因其具有绝对责任性质,根本无需考虑过错;美国法上现代意义的严格责任往往与过错有关,其＂不考虑过错＂是相对的,不是绝对的。因此,早期英美侵权法＂令状＂制度不能等同于现代意义的严格责任。但从法的历史继承看,其不考虑过错而责令被告承担责任的归责形式与严格责任具有相似性,具备了严格责任的雏形,为严格责任的发展提供了基础。
英美法上的＂侵害＂令狀（trespass）經歷瞭久遠的髮展歷程。＂侵害＂令狀不攷慮加害人過錯,實質因其具有絕對責任性質,根本無需攷慮過錯;美國法上現代意義的嚴格責任往往與過錯有關,其＂不攷慮過錯＂是相對的,不是絕對的。因此,早期英美侵權法＂令狀＂製度不能等同于現代意義的嚴格責任。但從法的歷史繼承看,其不攷慮過錯而責令被告承擔責任的歸責形式與嚴格責任具有相似性,具備瞭嚴格責任的雛形,為嚴格責任的髮展提供瞭基礎。
영미법상적＂침해＂령상（trespass）경력료구원적발전역정。＂침해＂령상불고필가해인과착,실질인기구유절대책임성질,근본무수고필과착;미국법상현대의의적엄격책임왕왕여과착유관,기＂불고필과착＂시상대적,불시절대적。인차,조기영미침권법＂령상＂제도불능등동우현대의의적엄격책임。단종법적역사계승간,기불고필과착이책령피고승담책임적귀책형식여엄격책임구유상사성,구비료엄격책임적추형,위엄격책임적발전제공료기출。
The trespass in the law of the United Kingdom and the United States underwent a long development process.The trespass does not consider the fault of an inflictor（the party causing injury）,and its essence is that the inflictor takes absolute responsibility and is not needed to consider his fault.In modern meaning of the law of the United States,strict responsibility is always related to the fault,that the fault is not considered is relative but is not absolute.Thus,the early trespass system of the United Kingdom and the United States is not equal to strict responsibility in modern meaning,however,from perspective of the historic inheritance of the law,its liability criterion by not considering fault but ordering the defender to take the responsibility has similarity to strict responsibility,possesses the primitive form of strict responsibility and provides the basis for the development of strict responsibility.
