CAJ | 학술논문

采用间隔两年的纵向设计,通过对1767名儿童的同伴侵害以及孤独、抑郁、攻击、行为不良、同伴接纳、同伴拒绝等心理社会适应指标进行调查,综合运用变量定向的方法和个体定向的方法考察了童年中晚期儿童心理社会适应发展的结果模式,以及同伴侵害对儿童心理社会适应发展的影响。结果发现,（1）身体侵害、关系侵害与心理社会适应各指标存在显著的即时与纵向相关关系。（2）儿童心理社会适应结果表现为内化问题、外化问题、同伴拒绝、正常发展4种模式。（3）判别分析显示,9岁的同伴侵害（主要为身体侵害）能预测同伴拒绝、外化问题适应结果模式,11岁的同伴侵害（主要为关系侵害）能预测内化问题、同伴拒绝适应结果模式。这些结果表明同伴侵害与儿童心理社会适应间的联系具有异质性,并且先前和当前的侵害经历以及不同类型的侵害与心理社会适应间的联系因适应领域的不同而存在差异。
채용간격량년적종향설계,통과대1767명인동적동반침해이급고독、억욱、공격、행위불량、동반접납、동반거절등심리사회괄응지표진행조사,종합운용변량정향적방법화개체정향적방법고찰료동년중만기인동심리사회괄응발전적결과모식,이급동반침해대인동심리사회괄응발전적영향。결과발현,（1）신체침해、관계침해여심리사회괄응각지표존재현저적즉시여종향상관관계。（2）인동심리사회괄응결과표현위내화문제、외화문제、동반거절、정상발전4충모식。（3）판별분석현시,9세적동반침해（주요위신체침해）능예측동반거절、외화문제괄응결과모식,11세적동반침해（주요위관계침해）능예측내화문제、동반거절괄응결과모식。저사결과표명동반침해여인동심리사회괄응간적련계구유이질성,병차선전화당전적침해경력이급불동류형적침해여심리사회괄응간적련계인괄응영역적불동이존재차이。
Considerable percentage of children experienced certain kinds or extent of peer victimization during childhood, which impelled researchers to explore the multiple negative impact of peer victimization on children’s psychosocial adjustment. However, the existing studies in this area employed variable-oriented approach and only revealed the averaged association between peer victimization and children’s psychosocial adjustment. Research in developmental psychopathology indicated that a particular risk may have different developmental implications for, and lead to different developmental outcomes on different individuals, which was referred as multifinality （Kerig Wenar, 2006, p. 22）. The Probabilistic Epigenesis （Gottlieb, 2007; Gottlieb Willoughby, 2006） also suggested that the same antecedent would cause different outcomes of development because of reaction potential and interaction. Based on these theoretical perspectives, we expected that peer victimization – although the same kind of negative peer experience – would result in different kinds of maladjustment among different children, i.e. there were heterogeneity in the impact of peer victimization on children’s psychosocial adjustment. Besides, the existing literatures on peer victimization mainly focused on its physical form, and relatively less was known about the impact of relational victimization on children’s psychosocial adjustment. Using both variable-oriented and person-oriented approaches, the current study was to identify the developmental patterns of children’s psychosocial adjustment different children exhibited from middle to late childhood and explore the associations between peer victimization and developmental patterns of children’s psychosocial adjustment. The heterogeneity of the associations, and the immediate and prospective relationships between physical victimization and relational victimization and the different patterns of children’s psychosocial adjustment were emphasized. 1767 children from 40 classes of 14 primary schools in Jinan, a city in mid-east China were followed from age 9 to 11. A series of self-reported questionnaires were administered to tap the children’s experience of peer victimization, and feeling of loneliness and depression. The Aggression and Delinquency subscales of the Child Behavior Checklist were finished by the children’s mothers, and peer acceptance and rejection were obtained through peer nomination. All of the measures showed good reliability. Significant correlations existed between the two forms of peer victimization and all indicators of children’s psychosocial adjustment. Using the standard residuals of each indicator of psychosocial adjustment for controlling the developmental stability of each of the indicators of the psychosocial adjustment, latent profile analysis （LPA） showed 4 developmental patterns of children’s psychosocial adjustment from middle to late childhood. That is internalizing, externalizing, peer rejection, and normal development patterns. Discriminant analysis （DA） indicated associations between peer victimization and the four patterns of psychosocial adjustment. Specifically, victimization （mainly the physical form） at age 9 was associated with the peer rejection pattern and externalizing pattern, and victimization （mainly the relational form） at age 11 with the internalizing and peer rejection patterns. These results indicated that peer victimization was associated with different patterns of psychosocial adjustment and not all children victimized by peers developed the same kind of psychosocial adjustment. Moreover, the effects of earlier and current victimization, and those of the physical and relational forms of victimization on psychosocial adjustment differed regarding to the different areas of psychosocial adjustment. Future directions in research on the associations between peer victimization and children’s psychosocial adjustment were discussed.