CAJ | 학술논문

计算、比较中国与主要出口竞争国的单位劳动力成本（ULC）,发现中国制造业仍然具有较大的国际竞争优势,原因是多年来制造业劳动生产率增速明显快于工资增速,使单位劳动成本保持下降趋势。相对单位劳动力成本（RULC）的比较结果显示,即使不考虑提高工资将促使劳动生产率进一步提升以及基础设施、国内市场、政治环境等方面的优势,在现有劳动生产率水平上,中国制造业仍能够承受约50%的劳动报酬上升。用购买力平价调整后的ULC数据说明,尽管汇率低估在一定程度上强化了中国制造业国际竞争优势,但2005年汇率改革以来,这种附加优势已基本消失。
계산、비교중국여주요출구경쟁국적단위노동력성본（ULC）,발현중국제조업잉연구유교대적국제경쟁우세,원인시다년래제조업노동생산솔증속명현쾌우공자증속,사단위노동성본보지하강추세。상대단위노동력성본（RULC）적비교결과현시,즉사불고필제고공자장촉사노동생산솔진일보제승이급기출설시、국내시장、정치배경등방면적우세,재현유노동생산솔수평상,중국제조업잉능구승수약50%적노동보수상승。용구매력평개조정후적ULC수거설명,진관회솔저고재일정정도상강화료중국제조업국제경쟁우세,단2005년회솔개혁이래,저충부가우세이기본소실。
Through calculating and comparing the Unit Labor Cost（ULC） and Relative Unit Labor Cost（RULC） between China and major export competition countries,this article found that Chinese manufacturing still had a large international competitive advantage,and the reason lied in that the growth rate of labor productivity of manufacturing workers was significantly faster than wage growth,which made the downward trend in unit labor cost.Furthermore,the comparison of RULC shows that even without considering that the higher wages will lead further improvement of labor productivity and the advantages in infrastructure,domestic market,and political environment,China is still able to withstand about 50% of the rise in labor compensation under the existing level of labor productivity.In addition,by calculating the adjusted ULC data with purchasing power parity,this paper revealed that although the exchange rate which had been undervalued strengthened the international competition advantage of Chinese manufacturing to some extent,this additional advantage has disappeared since the reform of the RMB exchange in 2005.