CAJ | 학술논문

采用问卷法调查了257名中国航线飞行教员、机长和副驾驶，通过结构方程模型和层次回归分析探讨了风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响，以及在这一影响过程中风险知觉和危险态度所发挥的作用。结果发现：（1）风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为具有显著的负向影响，高风险容忍飞行员的驾驶安全行为水平显著低于低风险容忍飞行员；（2）风险知觉在风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响过程中发挥了调节作用，即高水平的风险知觉削弱了风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的负向影响。（3）危险态度在风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响过程中发挥了完全中介作用，且这种中介作用的实现又受到风险知觉的调节，即危险态度对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响是有调节的中介效应。
채용문권법조사료257명중국항선비행교원、궤장화부가사，통과결구방정모형화층차회귀분석탐토료풍험용인대비행원가사안전행위적영향，이급재저일영향과정중풍험지각화위험태도소발휘적작용。결과발현：（1）풍험용인대비행원가사안전행위구유현저적부향영향，고풍험용인비행원적가사안전행위수평현저저우저풍험용인비행원；（2）풍험지각재풍험용인대비행원가사안전행위적영향과정중발휘료조절작용，즉고수평적풍험지각삭약료풍험용인대비행원가사안전행위적부향영향。（3）위험태도재풍험용인대비행원가사안전행위적영향과정중발휘료완전중개작용，차저충중개작용적실현우수도풍험지각적조절，즉위험태도대비행원가사안전행위적영향시유조절적중개효응。
Safety operation behavior is the non-technical skills of modern airline pilots behaved in implementing scheduled flights, which has been regarded as the importance safeguard to ensure flight safety. Previous research indicated that cognitive and personality various may influence unsafe operation and accident involvement in aviation. However, recently several researches have concluded that the majority of aviation safety campaigns aimed at influencing social cognition various such as attitudes and risk perception have failed. One reason may be that the role of personality characteristics often has been ignored when such campaigns are carried out. In aviation, risk tolerance is been usually regarded as a personality trait, which is the amount of risk that an individual is willing to accept in the pursuit of some goal and is an importance factor to influence flight safety. This present study attempts to integrate two of these research traditions, the personality trait approach and the social cognition approach, in order to understand the mechanisms underlying pilot＇ safety operation behaviors. Based on a sample of 257 commercial airline pilots came from China Southern Airlines Ltd. as college graduates with good physical and mental health, and four flight experts with the certificates of LOSA and CRM invited to conduct level evaluation on the actual safety operation behaviors of these airline pilots, the present study examined the associations between risk tolerance, risk perception, hazardous attitudes and safety operation behaviors among airline pilots in China used a self-administered questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were applied to detect the effects of risk tolerance on safety operation behaviors among airline pilots as well as the mediating role of hazardous attitudes and the moderating role of risk perception in the effects of risk tolerance. Results indicated that after controlling for the effects of age, educational level, position, and flight times, risk tolerance displayed a direct effect on safety operation behaviors of airline pilots, in which high-risk tolerance pilots were lower safety operation behaviors than their low risk tolerance counterparts. Risk perception served to moderate the association between risk tolerance and safety operation behaviors in that high risk perception weakened the negative association. Risk tolerance displayed an indirect effect on safety operation behaviors of airline pilots, which hazardous attitudes could fully mediate the relationship between risk tolerance and safety operation behaviors. That is, risk tolerance could affect safety operation behaviors among airline pilots through influencing hazardous attitudes. However, the mediating effect of hazardous attitudes was moderated by risk perception. High risk perception could actually protect airline pilots who were provided with high hazardous attitudes from low safety operation behaviors. In fact, hazardous attitudes, as a moderated mediator, had an effect on safety operation behaviors of airline pilots. In sum, it is demonstrated that risk tolerance has a direct and indirect effect in the mechanisms underlying airline pilot＇ safety operation behaviors. Meanwhile, risk perception and hazardous attitudes play important roles in the effect of risk tolerance on pilots＇ safety operation behaviors in this study. These results imply that we could emphasize the low risk tolerance and high risk perception of candidates in pilot selection and could assist pilots with low safety operation behaviors by improving their risk tolerance levels, improving their hazardous attitudes, and helping them promote high risk perception levels.