CAJ | 학술논문

进化理论认为风险行为与求偶有关。研究通过比较求偶信息（异性照片或描述异性的词语）、养育后代（孕妇照片）及奖赏信息（金牌照片等）试图进一步探讨繁衍线索对两性知觉和判断风险信息的影响。研究1中，被试描述理想约会对象后求偶动机得到激发，相对于描述晴朗天气的控制组，求偶动机让两性更慢地从高风险信息（如滑雪、冲浪等）转移注意力，且两性对风险信息的注意转移与社群性向无关。研究2显示，相对于养育后代和奖赏信息，求偶信息更为迅速地促使男性对高风险信息做出判断，但求偶信息让女性比男性更慢地对高风险信息做出判断。研究结果进一步证实了自然选择理论及性选择理论对两性加工风险信息的认知机制具有预测作用。
진화이론인위풍험행위여구우유관。연구통과비교구우신식（이성조편혹묘술이성적사어）、양육후대（잉부조편）급장상신식（금패조편등）시도진일보탐토번연선색대량성지각화판단풍험신식적영향。연구1중，피시묘술이상약회대상후구우동궤득도격발，상대우묘술청랑천기적공제조，구우동궤양량성경만지종고풍험신식（여활설、충랑등）전이주의력，차량성대풍험신식적주의전이여사군성향무관。연구2현시，상대우양육후대화장상신식，구우신식경위신속지촉사남성대고풍험신식주출판단，단구우신식양녀성비남성경만지대고풍험신식주출판단。연구결과진일보증실료자연선택이론급성선택이론대량성가공풍험신식적인지궤제구유예측작용。
According to sexual selection theory, both intra-sex competition, mainly among the unlimited sex, or males, and mate choice, mostly by the limiting sex, or females, referred to as weapons and ornaments. Human males behaviors. Men are bigger, more aggressive, and more lead to wide ranging sex dimorphic attributes, which are possess similar weapon- and ornament-like traits and violent than women. These are weapon-like traits. Men brag and talk big, have a sense of humor, and take risks. These are ornament-like traits. Both sets of behaviors are driven by mating motives so that unmarried young men manifest these weapon- and ornament-like behaviors more than married or older men. The purpose of the present study was to empirically demonstrate the association between mating motives and risk taking behavior in men and to demonstrate that the same association does not exist among women. In two experiments, we manipulated mating motives by exposing participants to attractive opposite-sex pictures. We measured perception of risk taking by tracking and measuring participants＇ attentional disengagement from risky sport scenes （Study 1） and by having participants evaluate risks involved in different risky sports （Study 2）. One-hundred and fifteen college students participated in Study 1. We primed participants with a 3-minute task either to describe an ideal mate or to describe the weather. After the priming, participants completed an attention disengagement task. A picture of sports scene registering high or low risk was displayed for 500 ms in one quadrant of the computer screen. Right after the picture was a geometric figure, appearing in either the same quadrant as the picture （filler trials） or the three other quadrants （attentional shift trials）. Participants were instructed to press ＂A＂ or ＂K＂ on the English computer keyboard as soon as possible to indicate whether the figure is a circle or a triangle. The more absorbed a participant was by the high-risk sport scene, the longer it took the participant to disengage from the scene and the longer it took the participant to complete the attention shift trials. Participants also filled out a socio-sexual orientation questionnaire and an emotional scale to measure their emotional state at the moment. Results showed that independent of the emotional state, male participants primed by mating information, as compared with those primed by weather information, responded more slowly after seeing high-risk sport scenes. The same effect was also observed on female participants. Moreover, among male participants primed by mating information, those having a higher or more liberal socio-sexual orientation were not more absorbed by risky sport pictures than those having more conservative socio-sexual orientation. These results suggest that male and female participants primed by mating information are drawn to risk stimulation. Eighty four college students （mean age = 21.53, SD = 2.17; 37 male） participated in Study 2. Upon entering the experimental room, each participant was seated in front of a computer screen where the participant completed all the visual perception tasks. The prime consisted of attractive female pictures which, as the focus of the present study, were contrasted with three types of controls - attractive male pictures, pregnant women, and sport trophies. The task was to speak to the microphone whether the sport shown in the picture presented high risk or low risk to the person doing the sport. The participants were previously given instructions on how to define high vs. low risk sports. Response time it took the participant to speak out the risk level served as the dependent variable to measure the influence of different primes on the speed by which participants process risky stimuli. Results showed that male participants responded faster to high-risk than low-risk stimuli after primed by attractive female pictures; they responded similarly to high and low risk stimuli after the control primes. Mating prime did not influence female participants＇ response. The mixed results suggest that mating has an effect on risk processing and evaluation in both men and women but the mating effect is stronger on men than women as expected by sexual selection.