CAJ | 학술논문

探查儿童寻求信任性人际关系建立和向他人求助启动阶段的人际关系认知,检验心理弹性儿童是否比缺乏心理弹性儿童拥有更准确、快速的人际关系类型和更积极、快速的中性人际关系性质认知。利用自编人际关系类型认知和中性情境人际关系性质认知实验程序,对经由汇聚操作法筛选出的心理弹性儿童（99人）和缺乏心理弹性儿童（176人）实施实验,记录被试的反应结果和反应时。以年龄和性别为协变量,分别对两组儿童人际关系类型认知得分及反应时、中性情境人际关系性质认知得分及反应时进行组间差异的协方差分析。结果支持部分研究假设：心理弹性儿童人际关系类型认知总分显著高于缺乏心理弹性儿童;心理弹性儿童在中性情境下人际关系性质认知积极与消极维度总分、积极—消极连续体上的振幅均显著小于缺乏心理弹性儿童,但心理弹性儿童对中性情境人际关系性质认知更具积极偏向;两组儿童在所有任务指标上的平均反应时差异皆不显著。提示,儿童对人际关系类型的准确把握及对人际关系性质谨慎却相对积极的认知,可能是有效寻求和建立人际关系、获取社会支持资源以良好应对严重压力/逆境的重要主体性因素。
탐사인동심구신임성인제관계건립화향타인구조계동계단적인제관계인지,검험심리탄성인동시부비결핍심리탄성인동옹유경준학、쾌속적인제관계류형화경적겁、쾌속적중성인제관계성질인지。이용자편인제관계류형인지화중성정경인제관계성질인지실험정서,대경유회취조작법사선출적심리탄성인동（99인）화결핍심리탄성인동（176인）실시실험,기록피시적반응결과화반응시。이년령화성별위협변량,분별대량조인동인제관계류형인지득분급반응시、중성정경인제관계성질인지득분급반응시진행조간차이적협방차분석。결과지지부분연구가설：심리탄성인동인제관계류형인지총분현저고우결핍심리탄성인동;심리탄성인동재중성정경하인제관계성질인지적겁여소겁유도총분、적겁—소겁련속체상적진폭균현저소우결핍심리탄성인동,단심리탄성인동대중성정경인제관계성질인지경구적겁편향;량조인동재소유임무지표상적평균반응시차이개불현저。제시,인동대인제관계류형적준학파악급대인제관계성질근신각상대적겁적인지,가능시유효심구화건립인제관계、획취사회지지자원이량호응대엄중압력/역경적중요주체성인소。
The present study explores resilient and nonresilient children＇s relational cognition at the very beginning when they seek to build trusting relationship with and ask for help from other people,examining the hypotheses that,in comparison with nonresilient children,resilient children have more accurate and quicker cognition of interpersonal relationship type,hold more positive and quicker cognition of interpersonal relationship characteristics in neutral/ambiguous situation.Two self-developed experimental programs,including one set of interpersonal relationship type cognition tasks and another set of interpersonal relationship characteristics cognition tasks,were administered to 99 resilient and 176 nonresilient children who were identified by a converging technique.Subjects＇ response including response time on the two sets of relational cognition tasks were automatically recorded on computer.ANCOVAs with covariates of age and gender were conducted to test group differences in scores and natural log-transformed response times of the two tasks.Results turned out to partially support the hypotheses：Resilient children scored higher on the interpersonal relationship type cognition tasks,while on the tasks of interpersonal relationship characteristics cognition,they got lower scores in both the positive and negative dimensions in a neutral/ambiguous interpersonal relationship situation,with their scores falling within a significantly narrower range on the negative-positive continuum than nonresilient children.No significant differences were found in response time on both tasks.It was implied that accurate and relatively cautious but positively biased cognition of interpersonal relationships,as an important subjective factor,could empower a child to efficiently seek from and build interpersonal relationships with other poeple to gain richer social support resources,which is beneficial for him/her to better cope with severe stresses/adversities.