CAJ | 학술논문

有研究表明,中学生的焦虑水平在逐年上升,那么大学生的焦虑水平是如何随年代变化的呢？大学生的焦虑水平是否存在性别差异呢？为此,我们选取1993至2009年间以Spielberger编制的状态-特质焦虑量表测量大学生状态焦虑的63篇和特质焦虑的66篇研究报告进行横断历史的元分析,以考察大学生状态和特质焦虑水平历年的变化情况和性别差异。结果表明：（1）1993至2009年大学生状态和特质焦虑均值与年代有显著正相关,这说明大学生的焦虑水平在逐年上升;（2）大学生状态焦虑增长速度要快于特质焦虑,而且年代对状态焦虑变异的解释率也高于特质焦虑;（3）在状态和特质焦虑上男女大学生得分都与年代有显著正相关,且在两种焦虑得分上均无显著的性别差异。
유연구표명,중학생적초필수평재축년상승,나요대학생적초필수평시여하수년대변화적니？대학생적초필수평시부존재성별차이니？위차,아문선취1993지2009년간이Spielberger편제적상태-특질초필량표측량대학생상태초필적63편화특질초필적66편연구보고진행횡단역사적원분석,이고찰대학생상태화특질초필수평력년적변화정황화성별차이。결과표명：（1）1993지2009년대학생상태화특질초필균치여년대유현저정상관,저설명대학생적초필수평재축년상승;（2）대학생상태초필증장속도요쾌우특질초필,이차년대대상태초필변이적해석솔야고우특질초필;（3）재상태화특질초필상남녀대학생득분도여년대유현저정상관,차재량충초필득분상균무현저적성별차이。
In the present study,a cross-temporal meta-analysis was applied to examine the changes in Chinese college students＇ anxiety level from 1993 to 2009.We collected the literature investigating college students by Spielberger＇s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory（STAI） in the past 17 years,and obtained 63 previous studies on state anxiety（N=29543） and 66 studies on trait anxiety（N=29694） for the present meta-analysis.The results showed that：（1） Correlations between state or trait anxiety mean scores and the year of data collection were positive and in a moderate level（0.40,0.27）,suggesting that both the state and the trait anxiety levels of Chinese college students have been slowly increasing from 1993 to 2009.（2） The growth speed of college students＇ state anxiety was faster than that of trait anxiety,and the variation of state anxiety explained by the year was higher than that of trait anxiety.（3） The state and trait anxiety levels of both male and female college students had a significantly increasing trend between 1993 and 2009,and the college students＇ state and trait anxiety levels had not significant gender differences.