教学与研究
教學與研究
교학여연구
Teaching and Research
2011年
11期
46~54
,共null页
制度的阶层性 制度的互补性 新自由主义结构改革 新J型劳资关系 资本主义多样性
製度的階層性 製度的互補性 新自由主義結構改革 新J型勞資關繫 資本主義多樣性
제도적계층성 제도적호보성 신자유주의결구개혁 신J형로자관계 자본주의다양성
institutional hierarchical system; institutional complementary system; neo-liberalist structural reforms; Japan's new labor relations; diversity of capitalism
20世纪90年代以来,日本在劳资关系方面发生了深刻的变化,即对派遣制度的管制放松,非正规雇佣劳动者的人数增加,并由此导致了失业率上升、贫富差距扩大。本文基于法国调节学派的制度理论对日本劳资关系变化的原因、过程及其影响进行了考察。首先,为了凸显日本20世纪90年代以来劳资关系新变化的特征,从制度的阶层性和制度的互补性理论出发,对传统的日本型劳资关系的特征进行了概括;其次,从国际国内背景两个方面,对新变化发生的主要原因进行了梳理和分析,认为其国际背景是全球化、新自由主义学说和资本主义收敛理论的盛行,国内背景的宏观方面是日本政府进行了新自由主义结构改革,微观方面是日本企业的雇佣战略发生了转变,最终导致日本“削足适履”地引进和模仿了美国型劳资关系模式;最后,对日本劳资关系新变化及其影响进行理论上的批判,认为日本劳资关系的新变化是日本经济一蹶不振和长期萧条的一个重要原因,以期为中国劳动人事制度的调整及其政策制定提供可资借鉴的思想资源。
20世紀90年代以來,日本在勞資關繫方麵髮生瞭深刻的變化,即對派遣製度的管製放鬆,非正規僱傭勞動者的人數增加,併由此導緻瞭失業率上升、貧富差距擴大。本文基于法國調節學派的製度理論對日本勞資關繫變化的原因、過程及其影響進行瞭攷察。首先,為瞭凸顯日本20世紀90年代以來勞資關繫新變化的特徵,從製度的階層性和製度的互補性理論齣髮,對傳統的日本型勞資關繫的特徵進行瞭概括;其次,從國際國內揹景兩箇方麵,對新變化髮生的主要原因進行瞭梳理和分析,認為其國際揹景是全毬化、新自由主義學說和資本主義收斂理論的盛行,國內揹景的宏觀方麵是日本政府進行瞭新自由主義結構改革,微觀方麵是日本企業的僱傭戰略髮生瞭轉變,最終導緻日本“削足適履”地引進和模倣瞭美國型勞資關繫模式;最後,對日本勞資關繫新變化及其影響進行理論上的批判,認為日本勞資關繫的新變化是日本經濟一蹶不振和長期蕭條的一箇重要原因,以期為中國勞動人事製度的調整及其政策製定提供可資藉鑒的思想資源。
20세기90년대이래,일본재로자관계방면발생료심각적변화,즉대파견제도적관제방송,비정규고용노동자적인수증가,병유차도치료실업솔상승、빈부차거확대。본문기우법국조절학파적제도이론대일본로자관계변화적원인、과정급기영향진행료고찰。수선,위료철현일본20세기90년대이래로자관계신변화적특정,종제도적계층성화제도적호보성이론출발,대전통적일본형로자관계적특정진행료개괄;기차,종국제국내배경량개방면,대신변화발생적주요원인진행료소리화분석,인위기국제배경시전구화、신자유주의학설화자본주의수렴이론적성행,국내배경적굉관방면시일본정부진행료신자유주의결구개혁,미관방면시일본기업적고용전략발생료전변,최종도치일본“삭족괄리”지인진화모방료미국형로자관계모식;최후,대일본로자관계신변화급기영향진행이론상적비판,인위일본로자관계적신변화시일본경제일궐불진화장기소조적일개중요원인,이기위중국노동인사제도적조정급기정책제정제공가자차감적사상자원。
Since the 1990s, Japan's labor relations have undergone profound changes. Cases in point include deregulation of the dispatch system, an increasing number of informal wage-earners, and the consequent rising unemployment rate and widened gap between the rich and the poor. This paper attempts to inspect the causes, the development course and the impact of the changes on Japan's labor relations by referring to the institutional theory of the French regulation school. First, the features of the traditional Japanese labor relations are generalized according to the theories of institutional hierarchical system and institutional complementary system. This is meant to demonstrate the characteristics of the new changes in the Japanese labor relations since the 1990s. Then, major causes for these changes are analyzed from the perspectives of domestic and international background. The author holds that the international background consists of globalization and the prevalence of neo-liberalism and the convergence theory of capitalism. The domestic background is of two factors, too. From the macro perspective the Japanese government had undergone neo-liberalist structural reforms; from the micro perspective the Japanese enterprises had changed their employment strategies. All this led to Japan's irrational imitation of the American model of labor relations. Finally, a theoretical critique of the new changes in the Japanese labor relations and their impact is presented. Conclusions are reached that the new changes in the Japanese labor relations are the major causes for the long-term depression of the Japanese economy, and the Japanese experience offers implications for the adjustment and policy making of the Chinese labor and personnel management system.