敦煌研究
敦煌研究
돈황연구
Dunhuang Research
2011年
5期
106~114
,共null页
后吐蕃时代 藏语文 西域 敦煌 西夏 于阗 甘州回鹘
後吐蕃時代 藏語文 西域 敦煌 西夏 于闐 甘州迴鶻
후토번시대 장어문 서역 돈황 서하 우전 감주회골
Post-Tibetan occupation; Tibetan Language and Script ;East Turkestan; Dunhuang; Tangut; Khotan; the Ganzhou Uighur Kingdom
吐蕃帝国于9世纪中叶结束了对河西及西域的统治之后，藏语文在这些地区继续使用，敦煌出土文献中，属于后吐蕃时代的藏语文献多达57件，时代均在10世纪末或11世纪初。既有沙州归义军政权与于阒、甘州回鹘间的通信，也有沙州与和周边地区相联系的书札，更有当地人所写的佛教典籍。藏语之所以在河西及西域长期流行，与吐蕃对这里有过数十年的统治密不可分，也与当地固有的多语言环境密切相关，自8世纪中叶始，藏语便逐渐成为当地居民母语之外的一种共用语，况且藏文字母较易掌握。这些因素促进了藏语文的广泛流行。影响所及，在西夏国境内，古藏文也得以流行，有关文献在黑水城和绿城也有发现。西藏本土缺乏9世纪中叶以后至12世纪以前的藏文文献，这些写本与印本的发现，正好有填补空白之价值，弥足珍贵。
吐蕃帝國于9世紀中葉結束瞭對河西及西域的統治之後，藏語文在這些地區繼續使用，敦煌齣土文獻中，屬于後吐蕃時代的藏語文獻多達57件，時代均在10世紀末或11世紀初。既有沙州歸義軍政權與于闃、甘州迴鶻間的通信，也有沙州與和週邊地區相聯繫的書札，更有噹地人所寫的彿教典籍。藏語之所以在河西及西域長期流行，與吐蕃對這裏有過數十年的統治密不可分，也與噹地固有的多語言環境密切相關，自8世紀中葉始，藏語便逐漸成為噹地居民母語之外的一種共用語，況且藏文字母較易掌握。這些因素促進瞭藏語文的廣汎流行。影響所及，在西夏國境內，古藏文也得以流行，有關文獻在黑水城和綠城也有髮現。西藏本土缺乏9世紀中葉以後至12世紀以前的藏文文獻，這些寫本與印本的髮現，正好有填補空白之價值，瀰足珍貴。
토번제국우9세기중협결속료대하서급서역적통치지후，장어문재저사지구계속사용，돈황출토문헌중，속우후토번시대적장어문헌다체57건，시대균재10세기말혹11세기초。기유사주귀의군정권여우격、감주회골간적통신，야유사주여화주변지구상련계적서찰，경유당지인소사적불교전적。장어지소이재하서급서역장기류행，여토번대저리유과수십년적통치밀불가분，야여당지고유적다어언배경밀절상관，자8세기중협시，장어편축점성위당지거민모어지외적일충공용어，황차장문자모교역장악。저사인소촉진료장어문적엄범류행。영향소급，재서하국경내，고장문야득이류행，유관문헌재흑수성화록성야유발현。서장본토결핍9세기중협이후지12세기이전적장문문헌，저사사본여인본적발현，정호유전보공백지개치，미족진귀。
Tibetan Language and Texts continued to be used in the Hexi and Western Regions after the end of the Tibetan occupation. There were as many as 57 pieces of Tibetan manuscripts among the Dunhuang documents, all dating from the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th century,the post-Tibetan period. These manuscripts include not only correspondence between the Guiyijun （Return-to-Allegiance Army） regime and the Uighur powers in Khotan and Ganzhou, but also Buddhist texts written by local people. The enduring popularity of the Tibetan Language in these regions was attributed to the Tibetan haler during the past decades as well as to the local multi-language environment. Ever since the middle of the 8th century, the Tibetan Language had gradually been a common language in addition to the native one. Moreover, the Tibetan language was easy to learn. All these promoted the extensive popularity of the Tibetan language. As a result, ancient Tibetan language was also popular in the Western Xia kingdom, as verified by relevant documents discovered from Khara Khoto and Etsin-gol. Discoveries of these valuable manuscripts and printed documents fill a void in the Tibetan documents because Tibetan documents dating from the middle of the 9th century to the 12th century are very scarce in Tibet.
