心理科学
心理科學
심이과학
Psychological Science
2011年
6期
1313~1319
,共null页
马书采 肖祝祝 周爱保 杨晓莉 向玲
馬書採 肖祝祝 週愛保 楊曉莉 嚮玲
마서채 초축축 주애보 양효리 향령
依恋 注意 偏向 工作记忆 信息加工
依戀 註意 偏嚮 工作記憶 信息加工
의련 주의 편향 공작기억 신식가공
attachment; attention; bias; working memory; information processing
采用工作记忆算式-词对广度任务,通过87名大学生探索回避性依恋与注意的关系。研究发现,依恋回避与三类词的工作记忆成绩呈负相关;工作记忆广度类型、词类型主效应显著;工作记忆广度类型与词类型交互作用显著。结果表明,回避性依恋者具有回避性注意偏向;回避性注意偏向既有刺激普遍性,又有刺激特定性,依恋性刺激比中性刺激更容易在信息加工早期被防御性地排除;回避性注意偏向具有调节情绪的功能性价值。为去激活策略情绪调节观提供了跨文化研究证据。
採用工作記憶算式-詞對廣度任務,通過87名大學生探索迴避性依戀與註意的關繫。研究髮現,依戀迴避與三類詞的工作記憶成績呈負相關;工作記憶廣度類型、詞類型主效應顯著;工作記憶廣度類型與詞類型交互作用顯著。結果錶明,迴避性依戀者具有迴避性註意偏嚮;迴避性註意偏嚮既有刺激普遍性,又有刺激特定性,依戀性刺激比中性刺激更容易在信息加工早期被防禦性地排除;迴避性註意偏嚮具有調節情緒的功能性價值。為去激活策略情緒調節觀提供瞭跨文化研究證據。
채용공작기억산식-사대엄도임무,통과87명대학생탐색회피성의련여주의적관계。연구발현,의련회피여삼류사적공작기억성적정부상관;공작기억엄도류형、사류형주효응현저;공작기억엄도류형여사류형교호작용현저。결과표명,회피성의련자구유회피성주의편향;회피성주의편향기유자격보편성,우유자격특정성,의련성자격비중성자격경용역재신식가공조기피방어성지배제;회피성주의편향구유조절정서적공능성개치。위거격활책략정서조절관제공료과문화연구증거。
Attachment avoidance has been proposed to have important influences on attention.Avoidant individuals are theorized to limit the processing of emotional,attachment-related information,with the goal of preventing attachment-system activation.Consistent with this idea,there are some evidences that avoidant adults have attention bias for attachment-related information.However,to date,all researches in this field are made under west-culture circumstances.It is unclear whether such attention bias shows up among Chinese participants. And if it's true,whether it extends to nonattachment-related information also remains unclear.In order to find answers to these questions,the authors replicated and extended Edelstein's work among Chinese undergraduates in the present study. 87 undergraduates who learned school psychology guidance completed a kind of working memory equation-word span tasks,which consisted of simple math equations such as 12/3+6=10 and words such as snow(hat were categorized as attachment-related,emotional and neutral category,with its span sizes ranging from 3 to 6.After finishing the equation-correction judgment task and the word-memory task presented in pairs from 3 to 6 times randomly,the participants recalled the words just seen and wrote them down on a sheet of ready paper.Working memory performance was the correction recall rate which was the dependent index.Then they had a 2-minute break, and filled in an electronic version Chinese ECR adapted by Li T.G.,et al. The main results could be summarized as follows:There were significant negative correlations between the mean scores of avoidant dimension and the working memory performance for attachment-related words,β=-.221,for emotional words,β=-.223,for neutral words,β=-.223,All ps.03.Both working memory span type(F(2,172)=14.07,p.001) and word category(F(3,258)= 263.36,p.001) had a significant main effect on corresponding working memory performance.The interaction effect between working memory span type and word category was also significant,F(6,516)=8.13,p.001.The multiple comparison results showed that the recall rate were significantly less low for attachment-related words(M=.77,SD=.01) than for emotional words(M=.81,SD =.01)and for neutral words(M=.82,SD=.01),F(2,172)=13.87,p.001.There was no significant difference between emotional words and neutral words for recall rate. The above-mentioned results indicated that people who are characterized with the avoidant attachment style had avoidant attention bias,which had a stimulus-general nature in which attachment-related stimuli and nonattachment-related stimuli were all neglected and avoided to some extent and had stimulus-specific traits in the degree to which an avoidant attachment-related stimulus was more defensively excluded during the pre-attention stage than an emotional stimulus and a neutral stimulus.Avoidant attention bias and its stimulus -specific phenomenon had the value of emotion regulation.Our findings provided attachment theory cross-culture support in the existence of the deactivation strategy and its emotion regulation functioning.