CAJ | 학술논문

以往关于考试作弊的研究大都着眼于相关因素,还很缺乏对主体意识结构的分析。本研究以自我欺骗为理论框架,以大学生为被试,通过一个行为实验及与实验有关问题的分析,从意识与潜意识两个层面对大学生的作弊行为进行了探究。结果表明研究样本的31.63%的大学生的作弊属于道德自我欺骗,即作弊时意识与潜意识持有一个相互矛盾的错误信念,具体说就是,在意识里并没有意识到作弊是不道德的,但同时在潜意识里却认为它是不道德的。
이왕관우고시작폐적연구대도착안우상관인소,환흔결핍대주체의식결구적분석。본연구이자아기편위이론광가,이대학생위피시,통과일개행위실험급여실험유관문제적분석,종의식여잠의식량개층면대대학생적작폐행위진행료탐구。결과표명연구양본적31.63%적대학생적작폐속우도덕자아기편,즉작폐시의식여잠의식지유일개상호모순적착오신념,구체설취시,재의식리병몰유의식도작폐시불도덕적,단동시재잠의식리각인위타시불도덕적。
Self-deception is that individuals believe consciously a false belief P,but unconsciously actually know-P.There is no literature investigating whether undergraduates＇ cheating was self-deception.This study explored the nature of undergraduates＇ cheating under the theoretical framework of self-deception. Three test papers 1,2 and 3 were bound together to distribute to the participants.The experimenters could tell all papers of the participants by the different left binding hole location and the shape of each paper.The 332 participants were students from 11 classes of a normal university. The participants were tested by the class.They were told to complete a simulated intelligence test（test paper 1） without their signatures. After handing in test paper 1,they received a test paper 2 with the same questions as test paper 1 and with their signatures. They were requested to recall their answers in test paper 1 and to decide the degree of confidence（from 10%to 100%） in correctness of recalling,while there was a slide showing the questions and correct answers in test paper 1. The participants completed test paper 2 and handed it in.Then they were asked to complete test paper 3（without their signatures） including 20 questions,of which 16 were confusing and only 4 were related to our study purposes：（1） Could you intentionally correct mistaken answers in paper 2 after reading the slide ？ Is it moral to do so？（2） Could other persons intentionally correct mistaken answers in paper 2 after reading the slide？（3） Is it moral to do so？ The authors attempted to set up different premises before questions （2） and（4）,of which one is ＂self＂ and the one is ＂others＂,to identify whether the students projected themselves unconscious motivation while judging the ＂others＂.Question（2） reflected the participants＇ consciousness;meanwhile question（4） inversely reflected their unconsciousness.The four questions in the questionnaire were separated,questions（1） and（2） were next to each other,at an interval of 14 questions,following（3） and（4）.This arrangement was also intended to cause confusion. A discriminant score was obtained between Test Papers 1 and 2 after their substrachion.53 particiants who scored zero and 75 participants who got negative scores,and 41 participants who were judged to have a below-80%validity were all excluded.Then we conducted a t test of the papers of the rest,163 people in all who scored higher on Test Paper 1 than Test Paper 2.The result indicated a significant difference（p.001）：the 163 participants,who took up 49.09%of the sample,did cheat! 163 cheating participants＇ papers of test paper 3 were analyzed.The results indicated that 140（42.16%） of the 163 participants thought that his or her own intentionally correcting mistaken answers was not immoral,but 105（31.63%） of 140 participants thought ＂the others＂ intentionally correcting mistaken answers was not moral.We think above 31.63%of the participants actually hinted and projected out that ＂self＂ cheating is also immoral,namely,the individual has not realized in consciousness that the cheating is wrong, but in subconsciousness actually knew it is wrong. Our conclusion;of this study sample,31.63%of the undergraduates＇ cheating in examinations was moral self-deception.